Wood adhesives from waste-free recycling depolymerisation of flexible polyurethane foams

Beran, Rudolf; Zárybnická, Lucie; Machová, Dita; Večeřa, M.; Kalenda, Petr

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127142

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Currently, four main categories of methods are widely used to recycle FPUF into the polyurethane industry loop, including mechanical (crushing into filler), thermochemical (incineration, pyrolysis, or hydrogenation), and chemical recovery (recycling of polyols) . However, the recycling of FPUF into fillers and industrial raw materials comes with physical, conditional, and material requirements, as well as economic, product quality, and market size issues. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Down-Cycling Sustainability of Flexible Polyurethane Foam in Improving Asphalt Performance through a Proper Pyrolysis Approach

Xiao,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The down-cycling process of waste polymers in asphalt binder achieves a win−win situation in terms of economic modification and efficient disposal of valuable waste. By combining the "controllable pyrolysis" and "down-cycling" concepts, this study specified the application potential of sustainable recycling flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) in improving asphalt performance. A proper pyrolysis method was proposed to selectively decompose waste FPUF into fibers. Subsequently, eco-friendly and costeffective properly pyrolyzed FPUF fiber-modified asphalt (PyFMA) was developed. The microscopic, chemical, and mechanical investigations were carried out to clarify modification mechanisms and application feasibility. The results showed that the proper pyrolysis method efficiently produced flexible reticulated PFUF fibers of different sizes grafted with polar groups. The PFUF fibers interlocked spatially and well-coordinated with the asphalt matrix, contributed an elastic component in the mixed hybrid, and positively influenced the asphalt performance. The performance enhancement was the result of a combination of chemical interaction, physical reinforcement, and the volumetric filling effect. In addition, the PyFMA had adequate workability at a high fiber dosage of 24% to achieve a massive recycling goal. It is promising and feasible to use waste FPUF as a sustainable and high-performance asphalt modifier, which countermeasures the rapidly increasing abandonment and meets economical asphalt modification requirements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Down-Cycling Sustainability of Flexible Polyurethane Foam in Improving Asphalt Performance through a Proper Pyrolysis Approach

Xiao,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Hard segment sides of PUs have hydrogen bonds that form a network based on physical association 19 . In the reaction, a catalyst is used to balance the PU product at room temperature 20,21 . In the literature, flexible PU foam obtained from polyester polyol (molecular weight 3500, polydispersity 1.06) and toluene diisocyanate is reacted in the mass ratio of 1:1.5 in diethylene glycol medium 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 In the reaction, a catalyst is used to balance the PU product at room temperature. 20,21 In the literature, flexible PU foam obtained from polyester polyol (molecular weight 3500, polydispersity 1.06) and toluene diisocyanate is reacted in the mass ratio of 1:1.5 in diethylene glycol medium. 22 There are many parameters that affect the reaction conditions such as humidity, amount of isocyanate, temperature etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane foam materials and their industrial applications

Ateş

Karadag

Eker

et al. 2022

Polymer International

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In this review article, polyurethane (PU) foam materials are presented in various industrial applications. PU foams have started to replace metals and plastics in various engineering applications by combining the hardness and durability of metal with the flexibility of rubber. PU foams can be synthesized with various isocyanates, polyols, chain extenders and crosslinkers to serve many specific applications, such as bio-based composite foam, flexible hard/soft PU foam, polymer foam etc. There are different factors to change of hard and soft segments of PUs. These changes form different products, such as urethane, biurets, allophanates and isocyamurates, etc. This review article mostly concentrates on the basic chemistry of the building blocks of PUs and recent developments in industrial applications of PU foams, such as insulator material, sound insulators, refrigerator and freezing insulators, furniture, shoes, automotive materials, coatings and adhesives and other applications.

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“…Among them, the polymerization reaction between polyisocyanates and polyether polyol makes F-PUF a kind of highly crosslinked thermosetting polymer material, containing carbamate groups, urea groups, and so on, which results in difficulties with recycling [ 6 ]. At present, landfill and incineration are still widely used as treatment methods for F-PUF scraps and wastes [ 7 , 8 ]. However, F-PUF is difficult to degrade and harmful gases such as isocyanate fumes, hydrocyanic acid, or nitrogen oxides, will be generated during the incineration process [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Flexible Polyurethane Foams by Regrinding Scraps into Powder to Replace Polyol for Re-Foaming

et al. 2022

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In the context of protecting the ecological environment and carbon neutrality, high-value recycling of flexible polyurethane foam (F-PUF) scraps, generated in the production process, is of great significance to save petroleum raw materials and reduce energy consumption. In the present study, F-PUF scraps were ground into powder by strong shear regrinding using two-roll mill and then reused as a partial replacement of polyol for re-foaming. A series of characterizations were employed to investigate the effect of milling cycles, roller temperatures, and content of the powder on the properties of the powder and F-PUF containing powder. It was revealed that the mechanochemical effect induced breaking of the cross-linking structure and increased activity of the powder. The volume mean diameter (VMD) of powder prepared with 7 milling cycles, at room temperature, is about 97.73 μm. The microstructure and density of the F-PUF containing powder prepared in the above-mentioned manner to replace up to 15 wt.% polyol, is similar to the original F-PUF, with resilience 49.08% and compression set 7.8%, which indicates that the recycling method will play an important role in industrial applications.

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Wood adhesives from waste-free recycling depolymerisation of flexible polyurethane foams

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Down-Cycling Sustainability of Flexible Polyurethane Foam in Improving Asphalt Performance through a Proper Pyrolysis Approach

Down-Cycling Sustainability of Flexible Polyurethane Foam in Improving Asphalt Performance through a Proper Pyrolysis Approach

Polyurethane foam materials and their industrial applications

Recycling of Flexible Polyurethane Foams by Regrinding Scraps into Powder to Replace Polyol for Re-Foaming

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