Women with Peripheral Arterial Disease Experience Faster Functional Decline than Men with Peripheral Arterial Disease

Abstract

ventricular contractility or anti-arrhythmic properties of ␤-blockers. ␤-blockers may also prevent plaque rupture in coronary arteries by reducing mechanical stress on the coronary plaques (Lopez-Sendon J, et.al. Eur Heart J 2004:25:1341 and may decrease circulating levels of C-reactive protein thereby stabilizing coronary plaques through anti inflammatory mechanisms (Jenkins NP, et.al. Am J Med 2002;112:269-74). The duration of ␤-blocker treatment before vascular surgery and its effect on cardiovascular outcome in vascular surgical patients has not, however, been specifically studied. The authors sought to evaluate the timing of ␤-blocker initiation and its influence on preoperative heart rate, C-reactive protein levels, and post operative outcome in a cohort of patients undergoing vascular surgery.Preoperative heart rate and high sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were recorded in 940 vascular surgical patients with respect to time of the ␤-blocker initiation before surgery. Initiation of ␤-blocker's was divided into three time periods, Ͻ1 week prior to surgery, 1-4 weeks prior to surgery, and Ͼ4 weeks prior to surgery. Troponin-T measurements were JOURNAL

Pain-free treadmill exercise for patients with intermittent claudication: Are there gender differences?

“…7 More specifically, women with PAD have a higher rate of mobility loss due to poorer lower extremity functioning compared to men. 11,12,13 Moreover, from hospital discharge data from New York, New Jersey, and Florida, Vouyouka et al 14 found that, for women receiving surgical interventions for PAD, mortality rates were substantially higher compared to men after adjusting for co-existing conditions. This lends support for more non-invasive approaches for PAD treatment to reduce pain and increase function.…”

“…17 Women have a higher rate of mobility loss with PAD due to poorer lower extremity functioning compared to men. [11][12][13] Patients with PAD completing supervised exercise training were found to have a higher level of event-free survival compared to patients who did not. 18,19 Golomb et al 16 support the use of exercise for protecting against coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease due to its beneficial effects on the risk factors of insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia.…”

Gender differences following supervised exercise therapy in patients with intermittent claudication

“…It was hypothesized that women have inferior outcomes after SET associated with an accelerated functional decline. 5 …”

Gender‐Specific Risk Factors for Peripheral Artery Disease in a Voluntary Screening Population

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11] Although not widely recognized by the public or by clinicians, the prevalence and burden of PAD is equal, if not higher, in women compared to men. 2,5,[12][13][14] In addition, women with PAD experience faster functional decline 15 and have poorer outcomes after lower extremity revascularization procedures, compared to men. [16][17][18] Because women have a longer life expectancy than men, women will be even more disproportionately affected with PAD in the future as the population ages.…”