Women’s Transnational Activism, Norm Cascades, and Quota Adoption in the Developing World

Swiss, Liam; Fallon, Kathleen M.

doi:10.31235/osf.io/u2bk7

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…While this is certainly not the first study to explore international influences on women’s rights in dictatorships, our theory of “bundled norms” generates new insights about the incentives, specific to authoritarian governments, for women’s rights versus other types of reform. Empirically, our data on de jure women’s rights reforms—which covers political, economic and social rights—also differs from studies that examine certain types of laws in isolation, such as gender quotas (Bush, 2011; Dahlerup, 2006; Edgell, 2017; Krook, 2006; Kang & Tripp, 2018; Hughes et al, 2015; Swiss & Fallon, 2017), laws on VAW and family law (Htun and Weldon, 2012, 2015). We are therefore able to assemble a comprehensive picture of the scope of gender reforms undertaken by autocracies, as well as assess which types are most closely associated with international pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In the Maghreb, monarchies and civilian regimes alike have used women’s economic and social rights—including reform to family law—to push back against more conservative opposition movements (Tripp, 2019). Another prominent area of reform sought by the international community seeks to advance women’s political representation through legislative gender quotas (Bush & Zetterberg, 2020; Krook, 2006; Krook & True, 2010; Paxton et al, 2006; Swiss & Fallon, 2017). While women’s representation is a valued outcome which can have positive effects on policy, the effect on autocratic survival is often minimal; quotas can be designed and implemented so as not to threaten legislative control, particularly in regimes governed by institutionalized ruling parties (Bjarnegård & Zetterberg, 2016; Muriaas & Wang, 2012).…”

Section: Women’s Rights and The Democracy Promotion Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

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International incentives for women’s rights in dictatorships

Donno

Fox

Kaasik

2021

Comparative Political Studies

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Democracy and women’s rights are integrally “bundled” by the international community. This means that dictatorships can signal adherence to international norms by demonstrating progress on gender equality, often in a manner that is consistent with the perpetuation of authoritarian rule. Using a new dataset of de jure advances in women’s rights, we show that dictatorships have vigorously enacted gender-related legislation, at a rate that surpasses democracies in the developing world. This pattern is shaped by international (Western) pressure: Among autocracies, foreign aid dependence and international nongovernmental organization shaming are associated with legal advances in women’s rights, but not with reforms in other, more politically costly areas related to elections, political competition, and repression. Our account therefore highlights selective compliance as a form of adaptation to international pressure and underscores the role of international incentives as a complement to domestic “bottom-up” pressure for women’s rights in dictatorships.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Women’s Rights and The Democracy Promotion Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

International incentives for women’s rights in dictatorships

Donno

Fox

Kaasik

2021

Comparative Political Studies

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“…Their direct and indirect influences within and across countries are the subject of an ongoing ll literature that could be used to better understand the dynamics of IF and BP. [95][96][97][98] Fully capturing these influences is challenging. At present, their effects might best be represented within scenarios of change (e.g., a scenario representing emissions change under a successful international social movement to reduce climate footprints).…”

Section: Integrating If and Bp Into Policy Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Climate Change Mitigation Analysis: A Framework for Examining Feasibility

et al. 2020

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Limiting global warming to 2 C or less compared with pre-industrial temperatures will require unprecedented rates of decarbonization globally. The scale and scope of transformational change required across sectors and actors in society raises critical questions of feasibility. Much of the literature on mitigation pathways addresses technological and economic aspects of feasibility, but overlooks the behavioral, cultural, and social factors that affect theoretical and practical mitigation pathways. We present a tripartite framework that ''unpacks'' the concept of mitigation pathways by distinguishing three factors that together determine actual mitigation: technical potential, initiative feasibility, and behavioral plasticity. The framework aims to integrate and streamline heterogeneous disciplinary research traditions toward a more comprehensive and transparent approach that will facilitate learning across disciplines and enable mitigation pathways to more fully reflect available knowledge. We offer three suggestions for integrating the tripartite framework into current research on climate change mitigation.

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“…IOs and other actors and institutions have also been key in promoting gender equality in general, including voting rights, gender quotas, and sexual orientation and transgender rights as normative (Avdeyeva, 2010;Berkovitch, 1999;Fernández & Lutter, 2013;Hughes, Krook, & Paxton, 2015;Kollman, 2007;Krook & True, 2012;Ramirez, Soysal, & Shanahan, 1997;Swiss, & Fallon, 2017). 1 The question is, have gender equality norms to support women, children, and families and to help balance work and family life become embedded in domestic policies and institutions?…”

Section: International and Transnational Influences On Domestic Policmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other examples of uneven implementation of international norms include women's right to equality of political office holding, and gender mainstreaming (Krook & True, 2012;Paxton et al, 2006;Swiss & Fallon, 2017). The UN, for example, has provided an important forum to push for women's equal rights to political office holding.…”

Section: International and Transnational Influences On Gender Equalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Do International Organizations Influence Domestic Policy Outcomes in OECD Countries?

White

2020

The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy

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This chapter examines to what extent policy ideas and norms promoted at the transnational and international level around gender and family policy are influential at the domestic policy level in OECD countries. Existing research demonstrates a mixed record in terms of transnational and international non-state actors’ influence on domestic policy in the Global North. This chapter argues that international norms are diffusing to domestic policy actors and processes rather unevenly. While international organizations (IOs) and transnational advocates can facilitate the spread of ideas of best practices around gender equality in general and family policy in particular, for liberal welfare states (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, UK, USA), IOs are still less authoritative than the national level when it comes to on-the-ground policymaking.

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Women’s Transnational Activism, Norm Cascades, and Quota Adoption in the Developing World

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

International incentives for women’s rights in dictatorships

International incentives for women’s rights in dictatorships

Improving Climate Change Mitigation Analysis: A Framework for Examining Feasibility

Do International Organizations Influence Domestic Policy Outcomes in OECD Countries?

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