“…In some cases, these biases may not interfere with study objectives; for example some prior studies contained objectives best achieved by investigating client or provider perceptions of quality without a focus on whether perceived quality differs from actual provider behavior (Agha et al, 2004, Al-Qutob and Nasir, 2008, Bender et al, 2008, Koenig et al, 1997, Mohammad-Alizadeh et al, 2009, Mroz et al, 1999, Nakhaee and Mirahmadizadeh, 2005, Speizer and Bollen, 2000, Tu et al, 2004, Whittaker et al, 1996). However, a large degree of the quality of care research in the field of international family planning contains objectives requiring measures of actual provider behavior.…”