Women's mating strategies

Abstract

What does a woman want? The traditional evolutionist's answer to Freud's famous query is that a woman's extensive investment in each of her children implies that she can maximize her fitness by restricting her sexual activity to one, or at most, a few high‐quality males. Because acquiring resources for her offspring is of paramount importance, a woman will try to attract wealthy, high‐status men who are willing and able to help her. She must be coy and choosy, limiting her attentions to men who are worthy of her and emphasizing her chastity so as not to threaten the paternity confidence of her mate. The lady has been getting more complicated of late, however. As Sarah Hrdy1 predicted, we now have evidence that women, like other female primates, are also competitive, randy creatures. Women have been seen competing with their rivals using both physical aggression2,3 and more subtle derogation of competitors.4 While they are still sometimes coy and chaste, women have also been described recently as sexy and sometimes promiscuous creatures, manipulating fatherhood by the timing of orgasm5,6 and using their sexuality to garner resources from men. The real answer to Freud's query, of course, is that a woman wants it all; a man with the resources and inclination to invest, and with genes that make him attractive to other women so that her sons will inherit his success. Her strategies for attaining these somewhat conflicting aims, and her success in doing so, are shaped by her own resources and options and by conflicts of interest with men and other women.

Sex Differences in Sexual Psychology Produce Sex-Similar Preferences for a Short-Term Mate

“…When adopting a short-term strategy, for example, men and women might seek brief sexual relationships or terminate quickly potential long-term relationships. In addition, several researchers have described a mixed, or opportunistic, mating strategy, in which men and women form a pair-bond with one person while remaining open to extra-pair copulations with other people (e.g., Buss, 2003;Cashdan, 1996;Trivers, 1972). …”

Noblesse Oblige? Determinants of Survival in a Life and Death Situation

“…It has been shown that the mortality rates of children with a surviving mother are 1.4 times higher than those without (Voland 1998), and that the survival rates of offspring can be directly linked to maternal survival (Bjorklund and Shackelford 1999). Under these conditions it would be expected that females with children would be much more wary of possible danger and would aggressively fight other females to ensure a safe haven (Cashdan 1997). Moreover, it has been stressed that the sex that puts in greater parental investment to promote the survival of offspring, is the more valued resource (Trivers 1972, Eswaran andKotwal 2004).…”

Do women's preferences for symmetry change across the menstrual cycle?

“…This conjecture is supported by the above-mentioned studies showing that, at ovulation, women are more attracted to cues that signal genetic quality, such as masculinity (for a recent review, see Gangestad, Thornhill, & Garver-Apgar, 2005). Thus, preference shifts in mate characteristics may reflect women's mating strategies designed to optimize the balance between the transfer of good genes to offspring (short-term relationship) and parental investment (long-term relationship) (Cashdan, 1996).…”