Women's magazines and tobacco in Europe

Amos, Amanda; Bostock, C.; Bostock, Yvonne

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)60681-2

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…13,14,20 In addition, earlier studies have shown that the tobacco industry intentionally targeted women by focusing on female-identified needs, preferences, and positive images of smoking, [21][22][23] although there are no conclusive studies of how the tobacco industry targets women and teenage consumers in Taiwan. More work should be done to monitor and decrease the impact of the trade liberalization and cigarette marketing on smoking in these minority groups.…”

Section: Logistic Regressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Smoking Behaviors in an Asian Population

Tsai

Tsai²,

Yang³

et al. 2008

Journal of Women's Health

101

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Background: Gender-sensitive tobacco control policies are being challenged, and new directions are being sought because public health efforts have reduced cigarette consumption more substantially among men than among women. To better target women, it would help to identify the protective cultural factors that promote resiliency in women and discourage them from smoking. Whereas western cultures have generated a great deal of gender-specific research and programs on the prevention of smoking in women, Asian cultures have not. Taking a personal and sociocultural perspective, this study examines the effect of gender on smoking behaviors in Taiwan. Methods: In a 2004 cross-sectional random-sampled interview survey, 827 adult men and 90 adult women smokers in Taiwan were queried about the time they began smoking, maintenance of their habits, and their readiness to change. Results: The male/female smoking rate ratio was 9.5 (45.7% vs. 4.8%). Men smoked significantly more cigarettes per day than women (18 vs. 11). We found Taiwanese women started smoking around 20 years old, much later than their western counterparts. We also found that whereas the smoking behavior of the men was very sensitive to social environment and structural factors, that of women revolved around their desire to control their weight and handle their emotions. Conclusions: Differences in the smoking behavior of men and women are a result of a different sociocultural environment and the life trajectories and social circumstances embedded within it. Comprehensive tobacco control policies need to be tailored to not just smoking behavior alone or one population alone but to the determinants of smoking behavior in specific groups, for example, women. Even when targeting women, some effort may be needed on targeting women of different ethnicities, for instance, Asian women in whom the prevalence is increasing at alarming rates.

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Section: Logistic Regressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Smoking Behaviors in an Asian Population

Tsai

Tsai²,

Yang³

et al. 2008

Journal of Women's Health

101

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“…A ban on tobacco industry advertising does not eliminate all tobacco promotion. Mass media can also influence smoking behaviour either through the use of texts and smoking images in editorial pages and articles that promotes smoking, or through public health anti-tobacco messages that discourage it [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco images and texts in Norwegian magazines and newspapers

Løchen¹,

Gram

Skattebo

et al. 2007

Scand J Public Health

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“…[84][85][86] There is also evidence that these media outlets report very little about the health hazards of smoking. 83 87 Indeed, Ernster et al note the industry pays in excess of $5 billion per year to market to women in the USA alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Virginia Slims identity crisis: an inside look at tobacco industry marketing to women

Toll

Ling

2005

Tob Control

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Objectives:Because no prior studies have comprehensively analysed previously secret tobacco industry documents describing marketing female brands, the Virginia Slims brand was studied to explore how Philip Morris and competitors develop and adapt promotional campaigns targeting women.Methods:Analysis of previously secret tobacco industry documents. The majority of the documents used were from Philip Morris.Results:The key to Virginia Slims advertising was creating an aspirational image which women associated with the brand. Virginia Slims co-opted women’s liberation slogans to build a modern female image from 1968 through to the 1980s, and its market share grew from 0.24% to 3.16% during that time period. Ironically, the feminist image that worked very well for the brand was also the reason for its subsequent problems. Philip Morris experienced unprecedented losses in market share in the early 1990s, with a decline in market share for four consecutive years from 3.16% to 2.26%; they attributed this decline to both the fact that the brand’s feminist image no longer appealed to young women aged 18–24 years, and increased competition from more contemporary and lower priced competitors. Throughout the 1990s, attempts to reacquire young women while retaining Virginia Slims loyal (now older) smokers were made using a “King Size” line extension, new slogans, and loyalty building promotions.Conclusions:Tobacco advertisers initially created distinct female brands with aspirational images; continued appeal to young women was critical for long term growth. The need for established brands to evolve to maintain relevance to young women creates an opportunity for tobacco counter-marketing, which should undermine tobacco brand imagery and promote aspirational smoke-free lifestyle images. Young women age 18–24 are extremely valuable to the tobacco industry and should be a focus for tobacco control programmes.

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Women's magazines and tobacco in Europe

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Gender Differences in Smoking Behaviors in an Asian Population

Gender Differences in Smoking Behaviors in an Asian Population

Tobacco images and texts in Norwegian magazines and newspapers

The Virginia Slims identity crisis: an inside look at tobacco industry marketing to women

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