Women’s Impression of the Expected Breast Appearance and its Association with Breast Cancer Operations

Abstract

Most women felt that the augmented appearance of breasts is currently expected, and this impression was more common in young women. This impression may be another factor contributing to the current trend of more extensive breast cancer operations and implant-based reconstructions.

Physical examination of the female cancer patient with sexual concerns: What oncologists and patients should expect from consultation with a specialist

“…[183][184][185][186][187] Research and practice focus heavily on preservation of breast cosmesis and function of the ipsilateral lymph nodes and arm. [188][189][190][191][192][193] Much less is known about preservation or systematic assessment of breast function, including sensation, erectile capacity of the nipple, 194 feel of the breast to the patient and her partner during intimate and sexual activity, 195 range of motion of the breast and arm, 196 and psychological perception of the breast as an erogenous zone. 197 Although dyspareunia, decreased libido, and arousal difficulties are the most common symptoms among women with a breast cancer history who present with sexual function concerns, 1,198 the sexual function history and breast examination may also elicit patient report of breast symptoms interfering with sexual function.…”

“…Body image, appearance, and esthetics play an important role in sexual function for many women . Research and practice focus heavily on preservation of breast cosmesis and function of the ipsilateral lymph nodes and arm . Much less is known about preservation or systematic assessment of breast function, including sensation, erectile capacity of the nipple, feel of the breast to the patient and her partner during intimate and sexual activity, range of motion of the breast and arm, and psychological perception of the breast as an erogenous zone …”