Women's Council Representation: Measurement Implications for Public Policy

Alozie, Nicholas O.; Manganaro, Lynne L.

doi:10.2307/448894

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The presence of a female mayor and/or the representation of females as municipal council members have shown to be important predictors of gender equity oriented policies in a city (Alozie & Manganaro, 1993). These factors have also been found to be important determinants of the hiring of female employees in municipal governments.…”

Section: Political Determinants Of Female Representation In Municipalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, Ethnicity and the Female Cop: Differential Patterns of Representation

Zhao

Herbst

Lovrich

2001

Journal of Urban Affairs

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This article examines factors hypothesized to be associated with the employment of female police officers in US municipal law enforcement agencies. Female officer representation is investigated within three primary racial or ethnic groups-Caucasians, African Americans, and Hispanics. This study utilizes data collected from a representative sample of police departments serving populations over 25,000 residents across the US during the period of 1993 to 1996. The primary findings of the research suggest that a small but noteworthy increase in the number of female officers occurred during this three-year period. In addition, it was found that variation in the proportion of female police officers hired in each racial or ethnic group was influenced by different sets of external and internal explanatory variables. Previous research treating female officer representation as a single aggregate group is misleading to the extent that it hides the observed cross-racial and ethnic differences observed here.

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Section: Political Determinants Of Female Representation In Municipalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, Ethnicity and the Female Cop: Differential Patterns of Representation

Zhao

Herbst

Lovrich

2001

Journal of Urban Affairs

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“…Most of these studies, however, focus on women at the state and national level, leaving unanswered questions about the gendered dynamics of local elections. Although some studies have introduced us to the topic (Alozie & Manganaro, 1993; Deckman, 2007; Ingalls & Arrington, 1991; Karnig & Welch, 1979; MacManus & Bullock, 1989; Miller, 1986), we still have relatively little information about women's efforts to hold municipal office 1 . Given their smaller size, different policy contexts, and varying institutional structures (e.g., nonpartisan ballots) we might expect electoral patterns in cities to diverge significantly from their state and national counterparts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gender, Campaign Finance, and Electoral Success in Municipal Elections

Adams

Schreiber

2011

Journal of Urban Affairs

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Despite high success rates when they run for office, women are still underrepresented in federal, state, and local elective office. Past research has explored factors that contribute to the scarcity of female candidates on the state and federal level, but little attention has been paid to the local level. This article begins to fill that gap by exploring electoral and fundraising patterns in mayoral and council elections in seven cities. We find that, similar to state and federal elections, women do just as well as men when they seek office but fewer women run. Further, of the women who do mount campaigns their backgrounds are quite similar to male candidates, raise comparable amounts of campaign funds, and receive contributions from the same sources. In general, we found few differences between male and female candidates. These findings highlight the importance of self-selection in the decision to run for office.

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“…In 2000,68 women serve as mayors in Kentucky ( 16 percent), primarily in fourth to sixth class cities, and 561 females hold municipal council positions (1 7 percent) (see Table 3) (Darcy et al 1994;Alozie and Manganaro 1993).…”

Section: Women As Local Officialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For decades females have served on the full array of municipal and county boards and commissions. As appointed members of special service districts and authorities, women shape local and regional policies dealing with water service, fire protection, libraries, flood control, airport facilities, and solid-waste disposal to name a few (Darcy et al 1994;Alozie and Manganaro 1993 Tourism, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection, and Workforce Development, and more than 560 women were appointed to various executive positions. During Governor Jones's tenure, one-third of his toplevel appointments were women, placing cabinet-level female representation in the top 15 in the United States (Miller 1994,77).…”

Section: Women As Appointed Officeholdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Silenced Majority: Glacial Movement of Women Into Kentucky Politics

Miller

2000

Southeastern Political Review

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Women play a critical but inadequate role in the political life of Kentucky. The intermittent impact of Kentucky women as voters, appointed officeholders, members of boards and commissions, party activists, lobbyists, and campaign contributors historically has lagged behind national averages. And the role Kentucky women play as elected representatives remains among the most muted in the nation. Despite the success of large numbers of women as local elected officials, at the highest level, women are, in effect, second‐class citizens. Only 12 percent of the state legislature “looks like” 52 percent of the population, despite the disproportionately high percentage of women who are active in the campaigns of the other 88 percent. The traditionalistic political culture, the powerful inertia of incumbency at all levels, and the entrenched “good old boy network” keep many women from office.

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Women's Council Representation: Measurement Implications for Public Policy

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Race, Ethnicity and the Female Cop: Differential Patterns of Representation

Race, Ethnicity and the Female Cop: Differential Patterns of Representation

Gender, Campaign Finance, and Electoral Success in Municipal Elections

The Silenced Majority: Glacial Movement of Women Into Kentucky Politics

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