Women's and men's ratings of their own and ideal speech

Kramer, Cheris

doi:10.1080/01463377809369287

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Some studies have examined stereotypes of the way women speak (Kramer, 1977;Erickson, Lind, Johnson & O'Barr, 1978), as well as judgements of ideal female and male speech (Kramer, 1978;Scott, 1980;Smith, 1985). In general, women are expected to speak more politely than men (Kemper, 1984), though they are not well rewarded when they use negatively polite forms which can also be interpreted as tentativeness signals.…”

Section: Attitudes To Women's Talkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language and gender

Holmes

1991

Lang. Teach.

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IntroductionResearch on differences between women's and men's speech has expanded enormously in the past 20 years. As well as contributing to sociolinguistic knowledge, it has also been an important catalyst of interdisciplinary communication. Before 1970 there were unrelated studies in a variety of areas: anthropology, sociology, psychology, child development, linguistics, speech communication and literature. Since then the feminist movement and women's studies, in particular, have provided a framework for research, as well as a meeting point for the overlapping interests of researchers from many disciplines. As a consequence the scope of language and gender research has extended dramatically, and its focus has changed.Before the second half of this century, descriptions of speech differences between women and men were relatively sparse, and they tended to treat male forms as the norm for a language. Between 1975 and 1983, by contrast, the size of the most comprehensive annotated bibliography on language and gender almost doubled (Thorne & Henley, 1975; Thorne, Kramarae & Henley, 1983), with most researchers adopting a feminist perspective on gender-based speech differences. There are now extensive collections of readings on language and gender (

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Section: Attitudes To Women's Talkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language and gender

Holmes

1991

Lang. Teach.

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“…Many studies identify expected differences based on stereotypes of socially approved male and female roles. Kramer (1978) notes that, "perception of the speech of males and females may be at least as important to verbal interaction of women and men as are actual differences" (p. 8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Communicator style and social style: Similarities and differences between the sexes

Staley

Cohen²

1988

Communication Quarterly

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“…Male communicators, according to research, are more dominant (Baird, 1976;Eakins & Eakins, 1978;Fishman, 1978;Kramer, 1978;Montgomery & Norton, 1981). A dominant communication style is often manifested by overlapping speech, interruptions, speech intensity, and control of personal space (Markel, Prebor, & Brandt, 1972;Pearson, 1985, Zimmerman & West, 1975.…”

Section: Sex Differences and Political Communicationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Many studies indicate that stereotypes based on expected female and male roles are the sources of such differences (Kramer, 1978). On the other hand, perception may be at least as important in characterizing how communication with male and female partners takes place as are actual behavioral differences (Kramer, 1978). Staley and Cohen (1988) argue that "self-perceptions affect both actual behavior and stereotyped projections by providing standards which are used in making our own behavioral choices and in evaluating the behavior of others" (p. 193).…”

Section: Sex Differences and Political Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%