Women representation in academic and leadership positions in surgery in Brazil

Motter, Sarah Bueno; Brandão, Gabriela Rangel; Iaroseski, Júlia; Spadoa, Joana Letícia; Alves, Amanda Vieira; Brasil, Candida Mozzaquatro de Assis; Silva, Gabriela Salzano; Konopka, Ana Luíza Kolling; Guetter, Camila Roginski

doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.07.023

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…While sparse, our results are similar to previous studies in other countries of Latin America. In a recent study, Bueno Motter et al investigated women’s representativeness across surgical departments of Brazilian universities, Brazilian surgical societies, and speakers in surgical events ( 25 ). They found that of university departments, only 11.2%were women and only three universities had women as department chairs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Female Research at the Asociacion Mexicana de Cirugia General Annual Meeting: A Retrospective Analysis From 2013 to 2019

et al. 2022

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BackgroundAcademic surgery has been a traditionally male-dominated field. Female contribution remains challenging. In Mexico, there is no published evidence regarding gender disparity in academic surgery. We aimed to analyze the female role in clinical research submitted to the Asociación Mexicana de Cirugía General (AMCG).MethodsRetrospective study evaluating abstracts submitted to AMCG annual meetings from 2013 to 2019. Categorical variables were compared using χ2 test. Univariate logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (OR) followed by a log-binomial logistic regression model to obtain the adjusted relative risk (aRR) for acceptance as an oral presentation.ResultsOverall, 7,439 abstracts were analyzed of which 24.2% were submitted by females. Female-submitted abstracts increased from 22.5% to 25.3% during 2013–2019 (p = 0.15). The proportion of 47 abstracts submitted by females was higher in the resident group (27.7% vs. 18.8%; p < 0.001). The percentage of females’ abstracts selected for oral presentation was less than the percentage of males’ 49 abstracts selected for presentation (9% vs. 11.5%; p = 0.002). Females’ abstracts submitted have a 50 23.5% decreased chance of being selected for oral presentation (OR = 0.765, CI 95%, 0.639–0.917, 51 p = 0.003). However, after adjusting for research type and trainee status, the gender of the oral 52 presenting author showed no association (aRR = 0.95, CI 95%, 0.8–1.1, p = 0.56).ConclusionIn Mexico, the female role in academic surgery is still limited. These results should 55 encourage professors and program directors to identify and address factors contributing to gender 56 disparities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Female Research at the Asociacion Mexicana de Cirugia General Annual Meeting: A Retrospective Analysis From 2013 to 2019

et al. 2022

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“…We highlight that the equal distribution between the number of men and women in the surgical field is not the only factor that composes sex equality. We know, for example, that that presence in leadership and academic positions also plays a role in this disparity, and in Brazil, this scenario is highly unbalanced [8]. Some studies point out there is a glass ceiling effect, and we know that simply the number of individuals in each specialty does not mean equal opportunities to succeed in the surgical career [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some factors such as lack of institutionalized self-confidence in women, lack of successful women surgeon models, and problems arising from deficient support to medical mothers can contribute heavily to the spread of the gender gap in surgery [3,6]. Furthermore, women in this field struggle to reach leadership positions [7], especially in Brazil [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women Surgeons in Brazil: A Time Trend Analysis by Specialties in the Last Decade

et al. 2022

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Background In surgery, there is a gender worldwide gap. In Brazil, we still do not have studies that describe this scenario. Based on this lack of research, we aim to assess the prevalence of women in surgical specialties, how it has changed over the years and how long it will take to achieve an equal distribution of men and women surgeons in Brazil. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of the last five editions of the Brazilian Medical Demography (2011, 2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020). We analyzed the absolute and proportional (women/total) increase in women registered in 13 surgical specialties in Brazil. We performed a linear regression, and we estimated the expected year of equal distribution of women and men in each subspecialty, through the linear regression equation. ResultsIn absolute numbers of women, all surgical specialties presented a linear increase over the years (p\.05). In proportional numbers of women, however, 10 specialties showed a significant linear increase (p \.05) except cardiovascular surgery, hand surgery, and neurosurgery. According to the equation that predicts equal distribution, pediatric surgery will be the first one to achieve equal distribution, in 2026, and other specialties are far from achieving it. For example, Urology will not achieve equal distribution until 2433. Conclusions There are fewer women surgeons in Brazil than men. However, in general, there is an increase in women in the analyzed specialties over the years. With the proportional inclusion of women in the Brazilian surgical workforce, we hope that we can achieve sex equality in Brazil.

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“…Of the organizations reviewed, only 9% of presidents and 15.2% of all committee members were female (Skinner et al , 2019). Likewise, Motter et al (2021) analyzed the representation of women surgeons in academic and leadership positions across surgical departments of 25 Brazilian universities, surgical societies, and those participating in events as speakers. Only three universities had women as department chairs.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hegemonic masculinity: representation of women surgeons in leadership positions in Pakistan

Ali

Sohail

2022

LHS

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Purpose Surgery is predominantly a masculine profession worldwide and has largely excluded women in leadership positions. This paper aims to examine the representation of women surgeons in leadership positions in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach Data were drawn from larger qualitative research examining the experiences of women surgeons in Pakistani hospitals. The data comprises in-depth interviews with ten doctors working in the Rawalpindi and Islamabad cities. The participants were selected by using the purposive sampling method and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings This study included participants from diverse surgical specialties from different stages of their career with two having leadership experience. Based on participants’ perspectives several factors are responsible for this exclusion of women in leadership positions. The most prominent among these were long working hours for surgical leaders, greater responsibilities assigned to leadership positions, gender stereotypes and work–family conflict. Due to masculine hegemony, women were considered less capable and they were expected to have masculine traits to work as successful leaders. Interestingly, some participants had internalized such stereotypes and showed a lack of interest and lack of capabilities for surgical leadership as evident from their narratives. Research limitations/implications The findings of this paper are drawn from the perspectives of ten women surgeons working in Islamabad and Rawalpindi cities of Pakistan who were selected using a convenient sampling method. Hence, the results cannot be generalized to the larger population of women surgeons working in other cities of the country. Nevertheless, this study is unique in the sense that it provides useful insight into the experiences of the women surgeons and their perspectives on surgical leadership in Pakistani hospitals. Academically, it contributes to the global debates on surgical leadership by providing empirical evidence from Pakistan. Originality/value This paper contributes to the larger debates on the under-representation of women in leadership positions in surgery by unveiling the experiences of female surgeons from Pakistan. It calls for the need for structural changes in health management and policy to accommodate women surgeons. Organizational efforts could minimize some hurdles and encourage more women to take on more formal leadership roles. The authors also call for an increasing number of women in surgery to pave the way for creating new leadership opportunities.

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Women representation in academic and leadership positions in surgery in Brazil

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Role of Female Research at the Asociacion Mexicana de Cirugia General Annual Meeting: A Retrospective Analysis From 2013 to 2019

Role of Female Research at the Asociacion Mexicana de Cirugia General Annual Meeting: A Retrospective Analysis From 2013 to 2019

Women Surgeons in Brazil: A Time Trend Analysis by Specialties in the Last Decade

Hegemonic masculinity: representation of women surgeons in leadership positions in Pakistan

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