Women in wildlife trafficking in Africa: A synthesis of literature

Agu, Helen U.; Gore, Meredith L.

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01166

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Overall, we found that women as victims of wildlife crime is a matter that has been least explored in the peer-reviewed or other literature. This is consistent with a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature of women and wildlife trafficking in Africa (Agu & Gore, 2020). There is, therefore, a need for applied research on the victimization of women associated with wildlife crime in a variety of conservation contexts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Women and wildlife crime: hidden offenders, protectors and victims

Kahler

Rinkus

2021

Oryx

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Gender is an explanatory factor in multiple dimensions of conservation, including women's access to and participation in conservation programmes, with gender bias in wildlife research persisting globally. There is reason to believe the current global wildlife crime crisis is no exception, with a lack of critical examination of gendered roles in security for biodiversity conservation. Despite the emergence of high-profile all-women ranger units (e.g. Akashinga in Zimbabwe) there has been a lack of systematic integration of gender within biodiversity protection. Theoretical and methodological applications from criminology have become progressively more common in response to an increase in a wide range of environmental crimes with consequences for women and their communities. Here we consider the implications of the lack of knowledge of women's direct and indirect roles in wildlife security. We used the criminology and conservation literature to identify key gaps in research, and relevant and robust typologies and frameworks informed by criminology to structure future research on women as offenders, protectors (handlers, managers, guardians) and victims of wildlife crime. We argue that more intentional research into the direct and indirect roles of women in wildlife crime is needed to address wildlife crime, protect biodiversity and support social justice in response to wildlife crimes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, there is evidence that women are also involved in wildlife crime (e.g. Hübschle, 2014; Agu & Gore, 2020). Furthermore, there is evidence in criminology that the gender gap in crime statistics is influenced, although not completely explained, by the differential targeting of men by law enforcement (e.g.…”

Section: Leveraging the Criminology Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Women and wildlife crime: hidden offenders, protectors and victims

Kahler

Rinkus

2021

Oryx

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“…The ranger field tends to be overwhelmingly male due to culturally entrenched gender norms about gender-appropriate work (Seager et al, 2021). The trend toward militarization in conservation patrols, the perception of wildlife crime as a predominantly male enterprise, and the gender disparity in policing has, as a whole, further alienated women from the ranger profession (Agu and Gore, 2020;Seager et al, 2021). There is also a disparity in which roles rangers are assigned due to gender.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protected Area Rangers as Cultural Brokers? Implications for Wildlife Crime Prevention in Viet Nam

Rizzolo¹,

Gore²,

Long³

et al. 2021

Front. Conserv. Sci.

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The scope, scale, and socio-environmental impacts of wildlife crime pose diverse risks to people, animals, and environments. With direct knowledge of the persistence and dynamics of wildlife crime, protected area rangers can be both an essential source of information on, and front-line authority for, preventing wildlife crime. Beyond patrol and crime scene data collected by rangers, solutions to wildlife crime could be better built off the knowledge and situational awareness of rangers, in particular rangers' relationships with local communities and their unique ability to engage them. Rangers are often embedded in the communities surrounding the conserved areas which they are charged with protecting, which presents both challenges and opportunities for their work on wildlife crime prevention. Cultural brokerage refers to the process by which intermediaries, like rangers, facilitate interactions between other relevant stakeholders that are separate yet proximate to one another, or that lack access to, or trust in, one another. Cultural brokers can function as gatekeepers, representatives, liaisons, coordinators, or iterant brokers; these forms vary by how information flows and how closely aligned the broker is to particular stakeholders. The objectives of this paper are to use the example of protected area rangers in Viet Nam to (a) characterize rangers' cultural brokerage of resources, information, and relationships and (b) discuss ranger-identified obstacles to the prevention of wildlife crime as an example of brokered knowledge. Using in-depth face-to-face interviews with rangers and other protected area staff (N = 31, 71% rangers) in Pu Mat National Park, 2018, we found that rangers regularly shift between forms of cultural brokerage. We offer a typology of the diverse forms of cultural brokerage that characterize rangers' relationships with communities and other stakeholders. We then discuss ranger-identified obstacles to wildlife protection as an example of brokered knowledge. These results have implications for designing interventions to address wildlife crime that both improve community-ranger interactions and increase the efficiency of wildlife crime prevention.

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“…However, our results show how export data can help to identify potential trade hotspots. These hotspots can then be confirmed in follow-up analyses and can be targeted for livelihood diversification and equitable benefit sharing (e.g., Ferse et al 2012 , Hinsley et al 2018 ), and ultimately culturally appropriate interventions to reduce the biodiversity impacts of the trade (e.g., Agu and Gore 2020 ).…”

Section: Us Trade Data Illustrates the Value Of A Network Approach To Pet-trade Impact Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The International Vertebrate Pet Trade Network and Insights from US Imports of Exotic Pets

et al. 2021

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The international trade in exotic vertebrate pets provides key social and economic benefits but also drives associated ecological, ethical, and human health impacts. However, despite its clear importance, we currently lack a full understanding of the structure of the pet trade, hampering efforts to optimize its benefits while mitigating its negative effects. In the present article, we represent and review the structure of the pet trade as a network composed of different market actors (nodes) and trade flows (links). We identify key data gaps in this network that, if filled, would enable network analyses to pinpoint targets for management. As a case study of how data-informed networks can realize this goal, we quantified spatial and temporal patterns in pets imported to the United States. Our framework and case study illustrate how network approaches can help to inform and manage the effects of the growing demand for exotic pets.

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Women in wildlife trafficking in Africa: A synthesis of literature

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Women and wildlife crime: hidden offenders, protectors and victims

Women and wildlife crime: hidden offenders, protectors and victims

Protected Area Rangers as Cultural Brokers? Implications for Wildlife Crime Prevention in Viet Nam

The International Vertebrate Pet Trade Network and Insights from US Imports of Exotic Pets

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