Women in the Mosque

Abstract

This paper deals with the issue of women’s full or partial access to the mosque from 610-925. This period is divided into two timeframes. The first, 610-34, consists mainly of the time in which the Prophet was active in Makkah and Madinah. The second, 634-925, is the period beginning with `Umar’s reign to the time when the Hadith literature was written down and set into the well-known compilations. Two types of evidence are examined for both periods: material and textual records. Material records consist of the layout of the various mosques, where the existence or absence of dividing walls or separate entrances could be important clues. Textual records consist mainly of the Qur’an and Hadith literature. The Qur’an is used as a primary source for the first period, whereas the Hadith literature is used as a primary source for the second period. The Hadith is used to distinguish trends and directions in the Muslim community after the demise of the Prophet, rather than as a source of information on the Prophet himself. This avoids problems of authenticity, while not denying that much of the Hadith may well be authentic. From the primary sources available for the first period, there does not appear to be any evidence of segregation; rather the evidence indicates that women had full access to the mosque. In the second period, three trends appear: a pro-segregation trend, an anti-segregation trend, and a trend that sought to prohibit women from going to the mosque altogether.

Peranan Dan Cabaran Muslimat Dalam Pengimarahan Masjid

“…Dalam kajian-kajian terdahulu, banyak telah diteliti tentang penglibatan muslimat dalam aktiviti pengimarahan masjid (Hussain 2009;Kamaruddin & Mohamad 2019;Khan 2018;Mateo 2019;Mohd Razif et al 2022;Reda 2004;Setiawati et al 2019;Utaberta et al 2018). Walau bagaimanapun, masih terdapat kekurangan dalam pemahaman mengenai cabaran dalaman yang dihadapi oleh Muslimat dalam pengimarahan masjid.…”

Moschee-Neubauten

“…Laut Rachel Woodlock (2010b, 55-57) hatten Frauen zu Mohammeds Zeiten und auch unter seinem Nachfolger Abu Bakr vollen Zugang zur Moschee. Woodlock bezieht sich in ihren Studien (Woodlock 2010a; 2010b) unter anderem auf Nevin Reda (2004), die die Geschichte der Frauen in der Moschee anhand von Hadith-Quellen erforscht. Laut ihren Ausführungen soll sich die Trennung der Geschlechter innerhalb der Moschee vermutlich während der Zeit des zweiten Kalifen Umar 20 vollzogen und etabliert haben.…”

Moschee-Neubauten

“…Laut Rachel Woodlock (2010b, 55-57) hatten Frauen zu Mohammeds Zeiten und auch unter seinem Nachfolger Abu Bakr vollen Zugang zur Moschee. Woodlock bezieht sich in ihren Studien (Woodlock 2010a; unter anderem auf Nevin Reda (2004), die die Geschichte der Frauen in der Moschee anhand von Hadith-Quellen erforscht. Laut ihren Ausführungen soll sich die Trennung der Geschlechter innerhalb der Moschee vermutlich während der Zeit des zweiten Kalifen Umar 20 vollzogen und etabliert haben.…”