Women in STEM in India: Understanding Challenges through Social Constructionist Perspective

Gupta, Namrata

doi:10.1177/00027642221078518

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…It is possible that husbands may hold degrees from prestigious universities or degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, which may enhance their employment opportunities and earnings and thereby alter the distribution of paid and unpaid work within the household. This notion becomes particularly pertinent considering the well-documented gender gap in STEM fields and research in India (Gupta, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between couples' education and gender gap in unpaid care work in India

Tripathi,

Zhai

2023

Soc Policy Adm

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This cross‐sectional study utilizes data from the 2019 India Time‐Use Survey to examine the relationship between education and the gender gap in unpaid care work among married couples in India. Results from the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression demonstrate a paradox where more educated or equally educated wives tend to spend more time on unpaid care work compared to their husbands. Women from marginalized backgrounds face a heightened burden of unpaid uare work, while employment status emerges as an important factor that reduces the gender divide in unpaid care work. The Karlson, Holm, and Breen (KHB) decomposition analysis reveals that employment and other personal and household factors account for 22.86% and 43.15% of the total effect on time spent on unpaid care work for wives who have the same as or higher level of education than their husbands, respectively. These findings bring to light the continued issue of gender inequality in India and emphasize the need for reforms in care work and the labor market.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between couples' education and gender gap in unpaid care work in India

Tripathi,

Zhai

2023

Soc Policy Adm

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“…In India, the representation of women with PhDs in STEM (i.e., science, technology, engineering and mathematics) is high, but their academic careers in this field are severely hampered by gender discrimination in the workplace, which intersects with other existing forms of social hierarchy such as caste/class. As Gupta described, the judgement of academic excellence and subsequent merit (such as the possibility of geographical mobility, building networks with other scientists) is gendered and strongly disadvantages women scientists who "lack such contacts due to Indian segregation norms, gender stereotyping, lack of mobility and dual burden [after marriage]" [ 30 ]. The particularly low PFA in Japan may be explained by institutional discrimination against women in medical school entrance examinations [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The level of the gender gap in academic publishing varies by country and region of affiliation: A cross-sectional study of articles published in general medical journals

Sebo,

Schwarz

2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Women are generally under-represented as authors of publications, and especially as last authors, but this under-representation may not be uniformly distributed across countries. We aimed to document by country and region the proportion of female authors (PFA) in high-impact general medical journals. Methods We used PyMed, a Python library that provides access to PubMed, to retrieve all PubMed articles published between January 2012 and December 2021 in the fifty general internal medicine journals with the highest 2020 impact factor according to Journal Citation Reports. We extracted first/last authors’ main country of affiliation for all these articles using regular expressions and manual search, and grouped the countries into eight regions (North/Latin America, Western/Eastern Europe, Asia, Pacific, Middle East, and Africa). We used NamSor to determine first/last authors’ gender and computed the PFA for each country/region. Results We retrieved 163,537 publications for first authors and 135,392 for last authors. Gender could be determined for 160,891 and 133,373 publications, respectively. The PFA was 41% for first authors and 33% for last authors, but it varied widely by country (first authors: >50% for eight countries, maximum = 63% in Romania, minimum = 19% in Japan; last authors: >50% for two countries, maximum = 53% in Romania, minimum = 9% in Japan). The PFA also varied by region. It was highest for Eastern Europe (first authors = 53%, last authors = 40%), and lowest for Asia (36% and 29%) and the Middle East (35% and 27%). Conclusion We found that the PFA varied widely by country and region, and was lowest in Asia, particularly Japan, and the Middle East. The under-representation of women as authors of publications, especially in these two regions, needs to be addressed and correcting persistent gender discrimination in research should be a top priority.

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“…She attributed patriarchy and hierarchy, the twin aspects of Indian culture, responsible for the masculine setting in the workplace. Gupta (2022) discusses the position of women in STEM in India. Swarup & Dey (2020) have highlighted the Indian scenario and the current state of the under-representation of women in the Scientific and Technical (S&T) community.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hurdles and Challenges Perceived by Women Scientists in India

Wakdikar,

Aggarwal,

Sharma

2024

JWES

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Women constitute a high percentage of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) graduates in India but this is not well reflected at the professional level. It is believed that women face numerous challenges, affecting not only their choice of STEM as a career but also their professional and personal lives. Thus, it is essential to understand the underlying causes. The study aims to explore the hurdles faced by women in CSIR laboratories. A primary survey, using questionnaires, was conducted to gain a realistic and holistic view of their experiences of working and the differences they come across in the work environment compared to the other gender. Data was collected from 582 women scientists, technical staff, and students. The survey explored the role of personal, institutional, and social factors responsible for promotions/ hindrances in the scientific career. Analyses were conducted using both quantitative and qualitative data. Insights and suggestions were also sought from the respondents to enhance further understanding and remedial measures. Suitable policies could be framed based on the recommendations for gender equality in STEM.

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Women in STEM in India: Understanding Challenges through Social Constructionist Perspective

Cited by 5 publications

References 59 publications

The association between couples' education and gender gap in unpaid care work in India

The association between couples' education and gender gap in unpaid care work in India

The level of the gender gap in academic publishing varies by country and region of affiliation: A cross-sectional study of articles published in general medical journals

Hurdles and Challenges Perceived by Women Scientists in India

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