Women for science and science for women: Gaps, challenges and opportunities towards optimizing pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention

Karim, Quarraisha Abdool; Archary, Derseree; Barré‐Sinoussi, Françoise; Broliden, Kristina; Cabrera, Cecilia; Chiodi, Francesca; Fidler, Sarah; Gengiah, Tanuja N.; Herrera, Carolina; Kharsany, Ayesha B. M.; Liebenberg, Lenine J.; Mahomed, Saajida; Menu, Elisabeth; Moog, Christiane; Scarlatti, Gabriella; Seddiki, Nabila; Sivro, Aida; Cavarelli, Mariangela

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055042

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 275 publications

(279 reference statements)

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“…Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15–24 years in the region are at highest risk, being three times more likely to acquire HIV than their male counterparts and have seen a slower decline in new HIV infections over the last decade [ 1 , 2 ]. South Africa has the world’s largest HIV pandemic and AGYW have a four times higher risk of acquiring HIV than their male peers [ 3 ] and 16% of AGYW aged 15–19 years old have begun childbearing [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring perceptions of gender roles amongst sexually active adolescents in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Marshall,

Mehou-Loko,

Mazibuko

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Traditional gender and social norms reinforce asymmetrical power relations, increase the risk of experiencing gender-based violence and mediate poor engagement with sexual and reproductive health services. This study explored gender norms and expectations amongst cisgender adolescents in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A purposive sample of 29 adolescents aged 16–19 years old were enrolled as part of a longitudinal qualitative study. The current analysis reports on the first round of in-depth interviews, which focused on the role of men and women in their community. A theoretically informed thematic analysis identified three broad themes: 1) Adolescent interpretation and understanding of gender identity, 2) Gendered essentialism and Gender roles (two sub-themes: Young men: Power through providing, and Young women: The domestication process which highlighted that gender roles were defined by being the provider for men, and the successful fulfilment of traditional domestic behaviours amongst women), 3) Gender and fertility highlighted how participants highly valued fertility as affirming of manhood/womanhood. These norms reinforce gender roles that maintain asymmetrical power relations, carrying them over into adulthood. The subtle social pressure to prove fertility could have unintended consequences for driving teenage pregnancy. Structural, gender-based interventions emphasising positive gender-role development in early childhood are needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring perceptions of gender roles amongst sexually active adolescents in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Marshall,

Mehou-Loko,

Mazibuko

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Since the first case of AIDS was reported, more than 79.3 million people worldwide have been infected with HIV-1 and 36.3 million have died from HIV-related illnesses [ 1 , 2 ]. By 2022, a total of 39.0 million people were living with HIV-1 [ 3 , 4 ]. Current guidelines recommend that people with HIV-1 infection receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) immediately after they are diagnosed [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Ainuovirine/Lamivudine/Tenofovir Combination Tablets in Young and Elderly Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection

Xie,

Gan,

et al. 2023

Infect Dis Ther

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Introduction Ainuovirine/lamivudine/tenofovir is a novel antiretroviral therapy regimen used to treat human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. This study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics of ainuovirine/lamivudine/tenofovir in HIV-1-infected patients aged ≥ 65 (elderly patients) and ≤ 40 years (young patients). Methods This prospective, open-label, parallel controlled clinical study included 15 young and 15 elderly patients. Blood (1 mL) was collected 30 min before dosing and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 h after dosing, to measure the plasma concentrations of ainuovirine/lamivudine/tenofovir. Safety was assessed by monitoring the adverse events, physical examinations, and clinical laboratory tests. Results Plasma concentrations of each ainuovirine/lamivudine/tenofovir component reached peak levels 1–4 h after dosing and gradually decreased during the remaining observation period. Compared with the young group, ainuovirine had significantly higher T 1/2Ke , AUC 0–24 , and AUC 0–inf (all P < 0.05) in the elderly group, whereas K e ( P = 0.002) was significantly lower. However, the C max and T max of ainuovirine did not differ significantly. Lamivudine and tenofovir also had a significantly higher C max ( p = 0.004 and p = 0.008, respectively) and AUC 0–inf ( P = 0.014 and P = 0.006, respectively) in the elderly group, whereas there was no significant difference in T max , K e , and T 1/2Ke . Ainuovirine/lamivudine/tenofovir was well tolerated in both the young and elderly groups. Conclusion This study suggests that the ainuovirine/lamivudine/tenofovir regimen might be an effective and safe treatment regimen for HIV-1-infected patients aged ≥ 65 years and ≤ 40 years. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and develop optimal dosing regimens for elderly HIV-1-infected patients.

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“…In 2021, the WHO estimated that there were approximately 2.3 million new HIV infections and 770,000 AIDS-related deaths worldwide. The WHO 2022–2030 global health sector strategy on HIV aims to reduce HIV infections from 1.5 million in 2020 to 335 000 by 2030, and deaths from 680 000 in 2020 to under 240 000 in 2030 ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between the CD4/CD8 ratio and surgical site infection risk among HIV-positive adults: insights from a China hospital

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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PurposeIt is well known that the CD4/CD8 ratio is a special immune-inflammation marker. We aimed to explore the relationship between the CD4/CD8 ratio and the risk of surgical site infections (SSI) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adults undergoing orthopedic surgery.MethodsWe collected and analyzed data from 216 HIV-positive patients diagnosed with fractures at the department of orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital between 2011 and 2019. The demographic, surgical, and hematological data for all patients were collected in this retrospective cohort study. We explored the risk factors for SSI using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Then, the clinical correlation between the CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and SSI was studied using multivariate logistic regression models after adjusting for potential confounders. Furthermore, the association between the CD4/CD8 ratio and SSI was evaluated on a continuous scale with restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves based on logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 23 (10.65%) patients developed SSI during the perioperative period. Patients with hepatopathy (OR=6.10, 95%CI=1.46-28.9), HIV viral load (OR=8.68, 95%CI=1.42-70.2; OR=19.4, 95%CI=3.09-179), operation time (OR=7.84, 95%CI=1.35-77.9), and CD4 count (OR=0.05, 95%CI=0.01-0.23) were risk factors for SSI (P-value < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that a linear relationship between CD4 count and surgical site infection risk. In other words, patients with lower CD4 counts had a higher risk of developing SSI. Furthermore, the relationship between CD4/CD8 ratio and SSI risk was non-linear, inverse ‘S’ shaped. The risk of SSI increased substantially when the ratio was below 0.913; above 0.913, the risk of SSI was almost unchanged. And there is a ‘threshold-saturation’ effect between them.ConclusionOur research shows the CD4/CD8 ratio could be a useful predictor and immune-inflammation marker of the risk of SSI in HIV-positive fracture patients. These results, from a Chinese hospital, support the beneficial role of immune reconstitution in HIV-positive patients prior to orthopedic surgery.

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Women for science and science for women: Gaps, challenges and opportunities towards optimizing pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention

Cited by 4 publications

References 275 publications

Exploring perceptions of gender roles amongst sexually active adolescents in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Exploring perceptions of gender roles amongst sexually active adolescents in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Ainuovirine/Lamivudine/Tenofovir Combination Tablets in Young and Elderly Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection

The association between the CD4/CD8 ratio and surgical site infection risk among HIV-positive adults: insights from a China hospital

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