Women Entrepreneurs Across Racial Lines

Smith‐Hunter, Andrea E.

doi:10.4337/9781847201829

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…This suggests that motivating force is not directly related to material needs and is in consistent with the findings of Hisrich and Brush (1986). Overall, the results of this study confirm the findings of several of previous studies (for example, Gosh andCheruvalath, 2007;Heilman and Chen, 2003;Smith-Hunter, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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An Exploratory Study of Motivational Factors on Women Entrepreneurship Venturing in Malaysia

Ismail¹,

Shamsudin²,

Chowdhury³

2011

Business and Economic Research

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This study explored the effects of motivational factors on women entrepreneurship venturing in Malaysia. The research was conducted on 80 entrepreneurs through random sampling technique. All hypotheses were tested using regression analysis and Pearson correlations, controlling for demographic variables of gender, age, and education, years of experience, and start-up funding. While the results of this study found significant effect of pull motivational factors, there is a marginal effect of push motivational factors on women entrepreneurship venturing in Malaysia. Implications and a number of recommendations are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The last half-century has witnessed monumental changes for women as income earners (Smith-Hunter, 2006). Many developed and developing countries are taking steps to promote women entrepreneurships among their people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Study of Motivational Factors on Women Entrepreneurship Venturing in Malaysia

Ismail¹,

Shamsudin²,

Chowdhury³

2011

Business and Economic Research

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“…In addition, while a number of specific studies do explore either gender or ethnic differentials (and rarely both -except for Smith-Hunter, 2006) in access to finance, we would highlight their limited nature. Many such studies adopt a more qualitative and exploratory methodology, while some utilise a quantitative approach but have relatively small sample sizes.…”

Section: Theoretical Background and Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Ennew and McKechnie (1998) found discrimination to be "unconscious", while women may pay higher interest rates on term loans than men (Coleman, 2000;Fraser, 2005). Human capital theory explains why women owners who are highly educated or who have more business experience have a greater likelihood of obtaining financial capital (Smith-Hunter, 2006). Social capital theory, on the other hand, suggests that a lack of access to social networks can constrain women"s access to finance (Carter and Shaw, 2006).…”

Section: Theoretical Background and Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers faced by SMEs in raising bank finance

Irwin¹,

Scott

2010

Int Jrnl of Ent Behav & Res

170

136

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2Purpose -This paper uses univariate statistical analysis to investigate barriers to raising bank finance faced by UK small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), specifically the impact of personal characteristics (ethnicity, gender and education).Design/methodology/approach -We developed a conceptual model and analysed the results of a telephone survey of 400 SMEs conducted (before the "credit crunch") by the Barclays Bank small business research team on our behalf. The survey was based on a large stratified random sample drawn from the Bank"s entire SME population.Findings -We found that education made little difference to sources of finance, except that those educated to A-level more frequently used friends and family and remortgaged their homes. However, graduates had the least difficulties raising finance. Though statistically insignificant, women respondents found it easier to raise finance than men.The survey confirmed that -and this finding was statistically significant -ethnic minority businesses, particularly black owner-managers, had the greatest problem raising finance and hence relied upon "bootstrapping" as a financing strategy.Research limitations/implications -The study makes an important contribution to filling a research gap, given the critical need of policy-makers to understand differentials between different types of owner-managers. It brings new insights into its field -access to finance -and with respect, especially, to marginalised groups.Originality/value -The paper adopts a different approach than many prior studies, with a large sample and robust analysis, to explore a critical need-to-know area in a new wayboth for policy-makers and academics in the field of SME finance.

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“…Some of these weaknesses are fewer financial, human, and network resources (Becker‐Blease and Sohl ; Brush et al. ; Carter and Allen ; Fabowale, Orser, and Riding ; Marlow and Patton ; Smith‐Hunter ), or less management experience (Brush et al. ; Loscocco et al.…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

About Gender Differences and the Social Environment in the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions

Santos¹,

Roomi²,

Liñán³

2014

Journal of Small Business Management

267

213

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This study analyzes the interplay between gender differences and the social environment in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Data were obtained from two different European regions. The results show that the formation of entrepreneurial intentions is similar for men and women. At the same time, men consistently exhibit more favorable intentions than women do. Nevertheless, the perception of the social legitimation of entrepreneurship only serves to reinforce male entrepreneurial intentions, and not those of women. This holds for both regions and probably is a consequence of women feeling entrepreneurship to not be an acceptable career option for them. The implications of these results are discussed.

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Women Entrepreneurs Across Racial Lines

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

An Exploratory Study of Motivational Factors on Women Entrepreneurship Venturing in Malaysia

An Exploratory Study of Motivational Factors on Women Entrepreneurship Venturing in Malaysia

Barriers faced by SMEs in raising bank finance

About Gender Differences and the Social Environment in the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions

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