Women as Co‐Offenders: Pathways into Crime and Offending Motivations

Barlow, Charlotte; Weare, Siobhan

doi:10.1111/hojo.12292

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Given the 'socio-political' nature of coercive control (Stark 2009(Stark , p.1516) and the systemic facilitators of such convictions, transforming such grossly unfair outcomes for women requires structural change (Barlow and Weare 2019) and individual adjustments. Here I make three recommendations: to educate the public and criminal justice practitioners to improve understanding of patterns of violence and coercive control; to develop a policy framework to support more informed legal practice in cases involving women as secondary parties; and to make available defences for women who are compelled to assist in violent offences by their intimate partner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defending ‘Co‐offending’ Women: Recognising Domestic Abuse and Coercive Control in ‘Joint Enterprise' Cases Involving Women and their Intimate Partners

Hulley

2021

Howard J Crime Justice

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The role of coercive control in women's offending has been increasingly recognised in law. Yet, there remains a significant blind spot that leads to grossly unfair outcomes for women who are implicated in cases of serious violence with their abusive partners. This article outlines the role that abusive relationships play in women being 'associated' with an offence, being present at the scene and unable to withdraw and being implicated in the police investigation. It argues that such relationships must be recognised in legal practice and in the law, to avoid serious miscarriages of justice being enacted upon women who have already been repeatedly failed by the State.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defending ‘Co‐offending’ Women: Recognising Domestic Abuse and Coercive Control in ‘Joint Enterprise' Cases Involving Women and their Intimate Partners

Hulley

2021

Howard J Crime Justice

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“…Phelps et al, 2016) to help them think more robustly and with more nuance about the variety of actors and behaviours involved in wildlife crimes. There are demonstrated links between women as victims and their pathways to offending or co-offending (Barlow & Weare, 2019). It is therefore important to be cognizant of this and to examine how the intersection of gender, socio-economic status, ethnic or racial affiliations, and education influences the participation of women in wildlife crime (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the study of human trafficking by West African women) the majority of the literature that investigates women's pathways to offending and typologies of female offenders is based on the Global North (e.g. Dehart, 2018; Barlow & Weare, 2019). Regardless of past and present biases, criminology provides us with the most methodologically and theoretically robust understanding of women's deviant or criminal behaviour.…”

Section: Leveraging the Criminology Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathways to offending for women and girls emphasize their unique set of risks, which can lead to offending or escalations of delinquent behaviour (Dehart, 2018). Socio-cultural differences, such as gender hierarchies and gendered roles in labour and economic markets, and how romantic, familial or personal relationships with co-offenders can facilitate the entry of women into crime are probably also relevant in understanding women's involvement in wildlife crimes (Barlow & Weare, 2019). For example, in the illicit rhinoceros horn markets of South Africa, Vietnamese sex workers were used as bogus hunters, and South African women co-offended as industry insiders with their partners to facilitate this lucrative and organized trade (Hübschle, 2014).…”

Section: Leveraging the Criminology Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Women and wildlife crime: hidden offenders, protectors and victims

Kahler

Rinkus

2021

Oryx

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Gender is an explanatory factor in multiple dimensions of conservation, including women's access to and participation in conservation programmes, with gender bias in wildlife research persisting globally. There is reason to believe the current global wildlife crime crisis is no exception, with a lack of critical examination of gendered roles in security for biodiversity conservation. Despite the emergence of high-profile all-women ranger units (e.g. Akashinga in Zimbabwe) there has been a lack of systematic integration of gender within biodiversity protection. Theoretical and methodological applications from criminology have become progressively more common in response to an increase in a wide range of environmental crimes with consequences for women and their communities. Here we consider the implications of the lack of knowledge of women's direct and indirect roles in wildlife security. We used the criminology and conservation literature to identify key gaps in research, and relevant and robust typologies and frameworks informed by criminology to structure future research on women as offenders, protectors (handlers, managers, guardians) and victims of wildlife crime. We argue that more intentional research into the direct and indirect roles of women in wildlife crime is needed to address wildlife crime, protect biodiversity and support social justice in response to wildlife crimes.

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“…All of the women have been anonymised and provided with pseudonyms. Rather than this chapter exploring the study in significant depth, as this has been done elsewhere (Barlow and Weare, 2018), key findings will be used to develop conceptual ideas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of emotions for female co-offenders

Barlow¹

2019

Emotions and Crime

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There is a growing body of literature which highlights that women follow distinct and often gendered pathways into crime. Violence, coercion and love within intimate relationships have been increasingly acknowledged as motivating factors for female offending behaviour. However, there is a lack of understanding of the ways in which emotions, such as love and fear, influence co-offending women's pathways into crime. This chapter will highlight the significance of emotions for female co-offenders, particularly when they are in an intimate, violent, exploitative and/ or controlling relationship with their partner/ co-offender. Female offenders more broadly are typically viewed to be wholly independent, rational agents or as lacking control in relation to their offending behaviour and thus having their agency completely denied. However, this dichotomy is problematic, as it fails to consider how emotional dimensions of co-offending relationships may influence offending behaviour and experiences of agency. The importance of acknowledging such emotions in social context when attempting to understand such women's offending 'choices' will be explored. Collectively, this chapter will highlight that emotions and offending behaviour are inextricably connected for female co-offenders. Such emotions need to be acknowledged and understood alongside structural factors if criminologists are to fully understand such women's motivations for offending.

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Women as Co‐Offenders: Pathways into Crime and Offending Motivations

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Defending ‘Co‐offending’ Women: Recognising Domestic Abuse and Coercive Control in ‘Joint Enterprise' Cases Involving Women and their Intimate Partners

Defending ‘Co‐offending’ Women: Recognising Domestic Abuse and Coercive Control in ‘Joint Enterprise' Cases Involving Women and their Intimate Partners

Women and wildlife crime: hidden offenders, protectors and victims

The role of emotions for female co-offenders

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