“…Conservative opponents tend to argue that masculine privilege is necessary to motivate men to fight and that the presence of women threatens this (inter alia Gat, 2000;Van Creveld, 2000a, 2000bFrost, 2001;Holmes, 2003). Liberal and civic republican feminists have challenged this on the grounds that military service is a (pre)condition to full-citizenship and that women have a right, and even a duty, to enlist (inter alia Stiehm, 1982;Feinman, 1998;Kennedy-Pipe, 2000). Others have problematized women's service on the grounds that it militarizes them (Tiffany, 1981;Klein, 2002), normalizes masculine military culture (Sasson-Levy, 2003) or violates the peaceful nature of women (Ruddick, 1989).…”