2014
DOI: 10.1007/s40429-013-0003-6
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Women and Smoking: The Effect of Gender on the Epidemiology, Health Effects, and Cessation of Smoking

Abstract: Smoking is still the leading cause of premature morbidity and mortality. This paper examines new research on gender differences and the epidemiology of smoking, smoking-related morbidity and mortality, and factors that affect smoking cessation. The rate of decline in the prevalence of smoking has been slowing, especially among adolescent girls. New research suggests that, compared with men, women may be more susceptible to smoking-related morbidity and mortality. Gender-related barriers to smoking cessation in… Show more

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Cited by 127 publications
(109 citation statements)
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“…Data at epidemiological, clinical, and preclinical levels consistently demonstrate that females are especially sensitive to the aversive effects of nicotine withdrawal. Age interacts strongly with sex in determining responses to nicotine as well, which is evidenced by recent findings that the rate of decline in smoking over the last ten years is slowing in adolescent girls (Allen et al 2014). …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Data at epidemiological, clinical, and preclinical levels consistently demonstrate that females are especially sensitive to the aversive effects of nicotine withdrawal. Age interacts strongly with sex in determining responses to nicotine as well, which is evidenced by recent findings that the rate of decline in smoking over the last ten years is slowing in adolescent girls (Allen et al 2014). …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among US smokers, e-cigarettes are used most often to reduce or quit smoking 3,4 and, historically, smoking cessation patterns and motivations vary by age, sex, and income 38–41 including among AIs/ANs. 4245 Some studies show associations between electronic cigarette use and sex 9,10 but not all.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although men and women are equally likely to quit [7], women face particular challenges when quitting smoking [8]. The majority of women who quit smoking gain 8 to 10 lb on average [9][10][11][12][13].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%