Wolves of the Sea: Managing human-wildlife conflict in an increasingly tense ocean

Guerra, A.S.

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2018.11.002

Cited by 56 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Popular management actions to manage human-wildlife conflict include attempts to separate problem animals from affected human populations, for example, fencing to keep elephants from crops (38); compensation (39); use of equipment/infrastructure to control interactions e.g. devices to deter sea lions (15); and lethal control-either of problem animals (40) or of the larger population (41). We asked fishers what they thought would be the best solution to manage their interactions with sea lions.…”

Section: How Fishers Frame Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fishers further report large negative impacts on catch and income as a result of interactions with pinnipeds, and large numbers of pinnipeds illegally killed in retaliation. The key message from these results is that it is often local communities who are bear the costs of marine conservation success (40,44).…”

Section: How Fishers Frame Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to experiences in the marine realm, terrestrial human-wildlife conflict management has taken a more nuanced approach, with some lessons applicable to marine settings-particularly strategies focusing on stakeholder engagement. These include insurance mechanisms, incentives, or compensation (40). Notwithstanding, there are important challenges that managing conflict in marine settings imposes on managers that are not experienced in terrestrial settings, such as those inherent to physically operating in the ocean, and the greater spatial distribution and mobility of marine species (40).…”

Section: How Fishers Frame Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include insurance mechanisms, incentives, or compensation (40). Notwithstanding, there are important challenges that managing conflict in marine settings imposes on managers that are not experienced in terrestrial settings, such as those inherent to physically operating in the ocean, and the greater spatial distribution and mobility of marine species (40).…”

Section: How Fishers Frame Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Disconnects in global discourses—the unintended consequences of marine mammal protection on small-scale fishers

Davis

Alfaro‐Shigueto

Arlidge

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Globally, the populations of many marine mammals remain of critical concern after centuries of exploitation and hunting. However, some marine mammal populations (e.g. pinnipeds) have largely recovered from exploitation, and interactions between these species and fisheries-particularly small-scale fisheries-is once again of concern globally. The large scope and widespread scale of interactions highlights the local disconnect between two global policies: marine mammal conservation and small-scale fisheries protection. In this research, we explore these conflicting global policies by assessing the perceptions of coastal smallscale fishers in Peru and Chile regarding their interactions with pinnipeds, including the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) and South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis). We surveyed 301 gill net fishers and assess perceptions using a best-worst scaling methodology. We find that fishers are chiefly concerned with the increase in pinniped populations, perceive that their interactions with pinnipeds have significantly increased over the past 80 years, and report pinniped-driven catch and income losses ≥ 26 per cent. Surprisingly, fishers do not believe that compensation schemes will resolve this issueinstead they overwhelmingly call for pinniped population culls. The reported number of pinnipeds illegally killed by fishers suggests the potential for large negative impacts on these protected species, and a loss of legitimacy in marine regulation. Collectively, our results portray a sense of marginalisation from fishers'-that global policy treats them as less "important" than marine mammals. Our results highlight the increasing disconnect in global policy, which on one hand seeks to protect threatened marine mammal populations, and on the other seeks to promote the welfare of small-scale fishers.

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Section: How Fishers Frame Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Fishers Frame Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Fishers Frame Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Fishers Frame Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Disconnects in global discourses—the unintended consequences of marine mammal protection on small-scale fishers

Davis

Alfaro‐Shigueto

Arlidge

et al. 2020

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Wild animals come into conflict with humans in Europe in a variety of circumstances and, although both marine and terrestrial mammalian predators are involved in such interactions, their situations are rarely compared. Studies looking at human-wildlife conflict have historically focused more on conflict with terrestrial, rather than marine, predators [1]. The predation of livestock and other animals reared for human use, such as farmed fish, is a key area of conflict and predators are managed in a variety of ways to prevent them from injuring and killing these animals [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Welfare in Predator Control: Lessons from Land and Sea. How the Management of Terrestrial and Marine Mammals Impacts Wild Animal Welfare in Human–Wildlife Conflict Scenarios in Europe

Nunny¹

2020

Animals

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The control of predators, on land and in the sea, is a complex topic. Both marine and terrestrial mammal predators come into conflict with humans in Europe in many ways and yet their situations are rarely compared. Areas of conflict include the predation of livestock and farmed fish, and the perceived competition for wild prey (for example wolves competing with hunters for deer and seals competing with fishermen for salmon). A lethal method (shooting) and non-lethal methods of conflict reduction (including enclosures, guarding, and aversion) used for terrestrial large carnivores (e.g., bear, wolf, wolverine, lynx) and marine mammals (seals) are discussed. Control measures tend to be species- and habitat-specific, although shooting is a widely used method. Potential impacts on predator welfare are described and welfare assessments which have been developed for other wildlife control scenarios, e.g., control of introduced species, are considered for their potential use in assessing predator control. Such assessments should be applied before control methods are chosen so that decisions prioritizing animal welfare can be made. Further work needs to be carried out to achieve appropriate and widely-accepted animal welfare assessment approaches and these should be included in predator management planning. Future research should include further sharing of approaches and information between terrestrial and marine specialists to help ensure that animal welfare is prioritized.

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Drivers for spatial modelling of a critically endangered seabird on a dynamic ocean area: Balearic shearwaters are non‐vegetarian

Cruz

Ramos

Navarro

et al. 2021

Aquatic Conservation

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Spatial modelling is an important research tool to improve our knowledge about the distribution of wildlife in the ocean. Using different modelling techniques (MaxEnt and a generalized linear mixed model), a predictive habitat suitability model was developed for one of the most threatened seabirds in the world: the Balearic shearwater, Puffinus mauretanicus. Models were developed using a 10‐year dataset from the Gulf of Cádiz (on the south‐western Iberian Peninsula), a key foraging area for Balearic shearwaters during migration and the non‐breeding season. Predictive habitat maps strongly matched the observed distribution patterns, pointing to bathymetric features as the main modelling drivers. The species was concentrated on shallow areas (up to approximately 100 m in depth) of the continental shelf, very close to the mouth of the Guadalquivir River. In contrast with previous studies, Balearic shearwater distribution in the highly dynamic Gulf of Cádiz was not correlated with areas of high chlorophyll a concentration. This lack of spatial correlation probably arises from the delay between the phytoplankton bloom and the response of the zooplankton and small fish that are preyed upon by Balearic shearwaters, which may result in important displacements of this trophic chain across the Gulf of Cádiz. The analysis presented contributes to a better understanding of the spatial distribution and ecology of the critically endangered top predator in the Gulf of Cádiz and offers important information to improve management plans.

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Wolves of the Sea: Managing human-wildlife conflict in an increasingly tense ocean

Cited by 56 publications

References 41 publications

Disconnects in global discourses—the unintended consequences of marine mammal protection on small-scale fishers

Disconnects in global discourses—the unintended consequences of marine mammal protection on small-scale fishers

Animal Welfare in Predator Control: Lessons from Land and Sea. How the Management of Terrestrial and Marine Mammals Impacts Wild Animal Welfare in Human–Wildlife Conflict Scenarios in Europe

Drivers for spatial modelling of a critically endangered seabird on a dynamic ocean area: Balearic shearwaters are non‐vegetarian

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