Wolter-Schwarzschild Telescopes for X-Ray Astronomy

Chase, R. C.; VanSpeybroeck, L.

doi:10.1364/ao.12.001042

Cited by 78 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The situation can be improved using the Wolter-Schwarzschild (W-S) design using surfaces of revolution which exactly fulfull the Abbe sine condition. 7 In a nest of shells of the W-S design the join plane (principal surface of the optic) must necessarily be a sphere of radius equal to the focal length rather than a flat plane as in the conventional Wolter I design. W-S telescopes give a better off-axis performance, in particular when the grazing angles are large, > 1.5 degrees and they have been used successfully in the EUV, for example for for the ROSAT Wide Field Camera mirrors.…”

Section: Angular Resolution Off-axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Science requirements and optimization of the silicon pore optics design for the Athena mirror

Willingale

Pareschi

Christensen³

et al. 2014

SPIE Proceedings

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The science requirements for the Athena X-ray mirror are to provide a collecting area of 2 m 2 at 1 keV, an angular resolution of ∼5 arc seconds half energy eidth (HEW) and a field of view of diameter 40-50 arc minutes. This combination of area and angular resolution over a wide field are possible because of unique features of the Silicon pore optics (SPO) technology used. Here we describe the optimization and modifications of the SPO technology required to achieve the Athena mirror specification and demonstrate how the optical design of the mirror system impacts on the scientific performance of Athena.

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Section: Angular Resolution Off-axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Science requirements and optimization of the silicon pore optics design for the Athena mirror

Willingale

Pareschi

Christensen³

et al. 2014

SPIE Proceedings

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“…A mirror based on the Wolter architecture is known to satisfy approximately Abbe's condition (Abbe 1873;Braat 1997), assuring limited coma aberration for moderate field of view. A variation of the Wolter telescope, the Wolter-Schwarzschild configuration (Wolter 1952a;Chase & Speybroeck 1973), exactly satisfies Abbe's condition. Other designs are possible (Giacconi et al 1969;Zocchi & Vernani 2007) but they all share the double-reflection feature at very small grazing-incidence angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Roughness scattering in X-ray grazing-incidence telescopes

Zocchi¹

2009

A&A

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In the framework of the scalar theory of diffraction, we determine the rms width of the angle spread function degraded by surface roughness in reflective grazing-incidence optics of cylindrical symmetry for X-ray astronomy. Our derivation does not rely on the small roughness approximation, is thus valid for arbitrary roughness values, and takes into full consideration the cylindrical symmetry of the mirrors. The dependence of the rms beam width on both the grazing-incidence angles and the radiation wavelength is studied for both single and double reflection optics, the latter being more relevant to X-ray telescopes. When the small roughness approximation is applicable, we also derive an expression for the angle spread function of the optical system in the presence of roughness scattering that provides the correct expression for the rms beam width.

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“…Indeed, a mirror based on the Wolter architecture is known to approximately satisfy Abbe's condition, assuring limited coma aberration. A variation of the Wolter telescope, the Wolter-Schwarzschild configuration [2], [3], exactly satisfies Abbe's condition [4], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An alternative optical design for x-ray telescopes

Zocchi

Vernani

2007

SPIE Proceedings

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A two-reflection optical design for nested X-ray telescopes is described in which the two grazing incidence angles are equal for each ray collected by each mirror, so that the total reflectivity is maximized. A specific design is discussed and its optical performances are compared to a reference type I Wolter optics. In the selected design scenario, a 16% reduction in the number of mirror shells and a 6% increase of the effective area between 1 keV and 10 keV is achieved, along with a small 2.6% decrease of the angular resolution over 12 armin field of view.

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Wolter-Schwarzschild Telescopes for X-Ray Astronomy

Abstract: The resolution of a Wolter-Schwarzschild telescope is intrinsically superior to the resolution of the corresponding paraboloid-hyperboloid telescope. The improvement is important for high resolution and wide field telescope designs having grazing angles larger than about 1.5 degrees .

Cited by 78 publications

References 3 publications

Science requirements and optimization of the silicon pore optics design for the Athena mirror

Science requirements and optimization of the silicon pore optics design for the Athena mirror

Roughness scattering in X-ray grazing-incidence telescopes

An alternative optical design for x-ray telescopes

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