Wolf depredation on livestock in central Greece

Iliopoulos, Yorgos; Sgardelis, Stefanos P.; Koutis, Vaios; Savaris, Dimitrios

doi:10.1007/bf03193133

Cited by 59 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Estimates of RR suggest that herders reduced the severity of wolf (Canis lupus) attacks on sheep in Greece 36 (RR wolf depredation = 0.21, Fig. 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce livestock predation by large carnivores

Eklund

López‐Bao

Tourani

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

214

240

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Successful coexistence between large carnivores and humans is conditional upon effective mitigation of the impact of these species on humans, such as through livestock depredation. It is therefore essential for conservation practitioners, carnivore managing authorities, or livestock owners to know the effectiveness of interventions intended to reduce livestock predation by large carnivores. We reviewed the scientific literature (1990–2016), searching for evidence of the effectiveness of interventions. We found experimental and quasi-experimental studies were rare within the field, and only 21 studies applied a case-control study design (3.7% of reviewed publications). We used a relative risk ratio to evaluate the studied interventions: changing livestock type, keeping livestock in enclosures, guarding or livestock guarding dogs, predator removal, using shock collars on carnivores, sterilizing carnivores, and using visual or auditory deterrents to frighten carnivores. Although there was a general lack of scientific evidence of the effectiveness of any of these interventions, some interventions reduced the risk of depredation whereas other interventions did not result in reduced depredation. We urge managers and stakeholders to move towards an evidence-based large carnivore management practice and researchers to conduct studies of intervention effectiveness with a randomized case-control design combined with systematic reviewing to evaluate the evidence.

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“…Estimates of RR suggest that herders reduced the severity of wolf (Canis lupus) attacks on sheep in Greece 36 (RR wolf depredation = 0.21, Fig. 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce livestock predation by large carnivores

Eklund

López‐Bao

Tourani

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

214

240

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 1 Allen and Sparkes (); 2 Anderson et al (); 3 Azevedo and Murray (); 4 Bagchi and Mishra (); 5 Van Bommel et al (); 6 Bradley and Pletscher (); 7 Breck et al (); 8 Espuno et al (); 9 Gula (); 10 Gusset et al (); 11 Harper et al (); 12 Herfindal et al (); 13 Huygens et al (); 14 Iliopoulos et al (); 15 Karanth et al (); 16 Kolowski and Holekamp (); 17 Van Liere et al (); 18 Mech et al (); 19 Michalski et al (); 20 Odden et al (); 21 Odden et al (); 22 Ogada et al (); 23 Sagor et al (); 24 Stahl et al (); 25 Stahl et al (); 26 Stander (); 27 Suryawanshi et al (); 28 Treves et al (); 29 Tumenta et al (); 30 Valeix et al (); 31 Wilson et al (); 32 Woodroffe et al (); 33 Woodroffe et al (); 34 Zarco‐González et al ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of contemporary techniques for reducing livestock depredations by large carnivores

et al. 2016

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Mitigation of large carnivore depredation is essential to increasing stakeholder support for human-carnivore coexistence. Lethal and non-lethal techniques are implemented by managers, livestock producers, and other stakeholders to reduce livestock depredations by large carnivores. However, information regarding the relative effectiveness of techniques commonly used to reduce livestock depredations is currently lacking. We evaluated 66 published, peer-reviewed research papers that quantitatively measured livestock depredation before and after employing 4 categories of lethal and non-lethal mitigation techniques (livestock husbandry, predator deterrents and removal, and indirect management of land or wild prey) to assess their relative effectiveness as livestock protection strategies. Effectiveness of each technique was measured as the reported percent change in livestock losses. Husbandry (42-100% effective) and deterrents (0-100% effective) demonstrated the greatest potential but also the widest variability in effectiveness in reducing livestock losses. Removal of large carnivores never achieved 100% effectiveness but exhibited the lowest variation (67-83%). Although explicit measures of effectiveness were not reported for indirect management, livestock depredations commonly decreased with sparser and greater distances from vegetation cover, at greater distances from protected areas, and in areas with greater wild prey abundance. Information on time duration of effects was available only for deterrents; a tradeoff existed between the effectiveness of tools and the length of time a tool remained effective. Our assessment revealed numerous sources of bias regarding the effectiveness of techniques as reported in the peer-reviewed literature, including a lack of replication across species and geographic regions, a focus on Canid carnivores in the United States, Europe, and Africa, and a publication bias toward studies reporting positive effects. Given these limitations, we encourage managers and conservationists to work with livestock producers to more consistently and quantitatively measure and report the impacts of mitigation techniques under a wider range of environmental, economic, and sociological conditions. Ó 2016 The Wildlife Society.KEY WORDS human-carnivore coexistence, human-wildlife conflict, large carnivore conservation, lethal control, non-lethal management.

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“…Probably, in our study area, wolves had not enough time to kill more animals during the attack because they were usually disturbed by dogs or humans, which are both expected to reduce wolf depredation on livestock (Kaczensky, ; Rigg et al ., ), particularly guard dogs, as they play a substantial role in preventing surplus killing, which has a major impact on individual herders (Rigg et al ., ). Also, wolf packs ( sd = 2.5) are relatively small in livestock attacks in Ghamishlou (Hosseini‐Zavarei et al ., ), which probably also reduces the probability of surplus killing (Iliopoulos et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Predation by grey wolf on wild ungulates and livestock in centralIran

et al. 2013

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The grey wolf Canis lupus has the largest geographical range of large mammalian carnivores in west Asia. However, it is one of the least studied species, particularly in Iran. Feeding ecology is a critical aspect of predator ecology and has important implications when formulating species and ecosystem management strategies. Also, predation on livestock is a crucial cause of wolf-human conflicts throughout the wolf's global range. Accordingly, we investigated the diet of the grey wolf in Ghamishlou, an area with high population densities of wild and domestic ungulates in central Iran, between July 2007 and April 2009. Scat analysis indicated that livestock was the single most important prey species for wolves with 47.1% of total biomass consumed, whereas Persian gazelle comprised 27.0% and wild sheep 15.9%. Wild kills were significantly skewed towards males relative to their proportion in the population, and were mainly preyed on during post-rutting months. Based on interview surveys, less than 1% of mean herd size was lost to wolf depredation; however, almost six times more died from non-depredation causes during each winter. We concluded that the high occurrence of livestock in the wolves' diet is mainly because of scavenging rather than depredation; however, owing to high pressure of wolves on local herds during non-winter seasons in other areas with depleted prey populations, local people dislike wolves and try to eradicate them. Finally, management implications are discussed and solutions are recommended.

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Wolf depredation on livestock in central Greece

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

Limited evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce livestock predation by large carnivores

Limited evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce livestock predation by large carnivores

Effectiveness of contemporary techniques for reducing livestock depredations by large carnivores

Predation by grey wolf on wild ungulates and livestock in centralIran

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