Wnt1 and BMP2: two factors recruiting multipotent neural crest progenitors isolated from adult bone marrow

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that neural crest-derived progenitor cells can be found in diverse mammalian tissues including tissues that were not previously shown to contain neural crest derivatives, such as bone marrow. The identification of those "new" neural crest-derived progenitor cells opens new strategies for developing autologous cell replacement therapies in regenerative medicine. However, their potential use is still a challenge as only few neural crest-derived progenitor cells were found in those new accessible locations. In this study, we developed a protocol, based on wnt1 and BMP2 effects, to enrich neural crest-derived cells from adult bone marrow. Those two factors are known to maintain and stimulate the proliferation of embryonic neural crest stem cells, however, their effects have never been characterized on neural crest cells isolated from adult tissues. Using multiple strategies from microarray to 2D-DIGE proteomic analyses, we characterized those recruited neural crest-derived cells, defining their identity and their differentiating abilities.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Mesenchymal stem cells and neural crest stem cells from adult bone marrow: characterization of their surprising similarities and differences

“…3.G). The fact that we could not differentiate NCSC clones into adipocytes and smooth muscles was quite surprising as we previously demonstrated that NCSC were also able to differentiate into adipocytes and smooth muscle cells when cultivated in presence of Wnt1 and BMP2 [9], two factors described for maintenance and proliferation of NCSC.…”

“…Several studies have already reported the presence of NCSC in adult bone marrow [6,8,9]. Those cells could be good candidates for use in cellular therapy approaches to improve symptoms in various neurological disorders, as they are able to differentiate into neural cells and are found in an easy-access location, allowing autologous graft procedures.…”

“…cDNA synthesis was carried out using Moloney-murine leukemia virus (MMLV) Reverse transcriptase (Promega) and random hexamer primers (Promega), following the manufacturer's instructions. PCR procedures and primers have been described in Glejzer et al, [9].…”

“…Using this transgenic model, Sieber-Blum and Grim demonstrated the presence of pluripotent neural crest-derived cells in adult hair follicles [4], Wong et al identified NCC in mouse adult skin [5] and Nagoshi et al isolated NCC from adult bone marrow [6]. Another mouse expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the P0 promoter is also used in the same approach to map the NCC and, in the bone marrow, both Cre expressing mice have allowed to tag the same neural crest-derived cells [7][8][9].…”

Neural Fate of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Neural Crest Stem Cells: Which Ways to Get Neurons for Cell Therapy Purpose?

“…Although adult BM-MSCs were commonly considered to be of mesodermal origin (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) [19], several studies have shown that some adult BM-MSCs derive from the embryonic neural crest [20][21][22][23][24] (see paragraph below). Hence, the different studies that are detailed below often describe BM-MSCs without distinguishing mesenchymal and neural-crest derived cells.…”