2006
DOI: 10.1126/science.1124856
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Wnt Gradient Formation Requires Retromer Function in Wnt-Producing Cells

Abstract: Wnt proteins function as morphogens that can form long-range concentration gradients to pattern developing tissues. Here, we show that the retromer, a multiprotein complex involved in intracellular protein trafficking, is required for long-range signaling of the Caenorhabditis elegans Wnt ortholog EGL-20. The retromer functions in EGL-20-producing cells to allow the formation of an EGL-20 gradient along the anteroposterior axis. This function is evolutionarily conserved, because Wnt target gene expression is a… Show more

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Cited by 218 publications
(279 citation statements)
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“…However, recent studies suggest that, in addition to regulating the transcription of the Wnt mRNA, pathway activity may be regulated at the level of ligand secretion. Studies performed on flies and worms have indicated that secretion of Wnts from the producing cells is regulated and that this level of regulation may be conserved in mammals [106][107][108]. Thus, mRNA expression, and even protein expression, do not equate to the production of active, secreted ligand.…”
Section: Summary and Future Of The Fieldmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, recent studies suggest that, in addition to regulating the transcription of the Wnt mRNA, pathway activity may be regulated at the level of ligand secretion. Studies performed on flies and worms have indicated that secretion of Wnts from the producing cells is regulated and that this level of regulation may be conserved in mammals [106][107][108]. Thus, mRNA expression, and even protein expression, do not equate to the production of active, secreted ligand.…”
Section: Summary and Future Of The Fieldmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the Wnt secretory pathway, this lipid modification is important for the interaction between Wnt proteins and the conserved transmembrane protein Evi (Wls, GPR177), which shuttles lipid‐modified Wnt proteins to the plasma membrane and onto exovesicles (Bänziger et al , 2006; Bartscherer et al , 2006; Goodman et al , 2006; Gross et al , 2012; Herr & Basler, 2012). Evi is then recycled via the retromer complex back to the Golgi and ER (Coudreuse, 2006; Belenkaya et al , 2008; Franch‐Marro et al , 2008; Pan et al , 2008; Port et al , 2008; Yang et al , 2008; Yu et al , 2014). The levels of both Wnt and Evi proteins are often aberrantly regulated in cancer (Augustin et al , 2012; Voloshanenko et al , 2013; Stewart et al , 2015), which contributes to high Wnt activity during tumorigenesis.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chez les mutants pour Wntless, WNT s'accumule dans la cellule productrice et sa sécrétion est bloquée. De façon surprenante, WNT s'accumule également à l'intérieur des cellules émettrices en l'absence du retromer, un complexe impliqué dans le recyclage entre la voie d'endocytose et le réseau trans-golgien(TGN) [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Ceci suggère que Wntless et le retromer font partie d'une machinerie requise pour la sécrétion de WNT, machinerie conservée chez le nématode, la drosophile et les mammifères.…”
Section: Wntless Et Le Retromer Sont Requis Pour La Signalisation Wntunclassified
“…Le retromer a été initialement identifié chez la levure comme étant requis pour le routage intracellulaire des hydrolases vacuolaires [17]. Chez le nématode, la perte de fonction du retromer induit des phénotypes restreints observables dans la partie postérieure de l'animal, et similaires à ceux qu'entraîne une altération de la voie de signalisation WNT [14,19]. On observe notamment une inversion de polarité dans la migration antéro-postérieure de certains neurones [14] et l'extension asymétrique de prolongements neuronaux [19].…”
Section: Wntless Et Le Retromer Sont Requis Pour La Signalisation Wntunclassified
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