Wnt and Frizzled Genes in Echinoderms

Girich, Alexander S.; Boyko, Alexey V.

doi:10.1134/s1063074019040072

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…It remains unclear what caused the increase in wntA expression shown by real‐time PCR (Girich & Boiko, 2019). Apparently, we detected a change not in the AB itself, but in the nearby hypoderm, which was captured when the AB anlage was excised in the early stages of regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wntA gene was originally found in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and was published in the NCBI database as wnt4‐like . However, further research has shown that this is a separate gene that is more similar to wnt6 than wnt4 (Cho et al, 2010; Croce et al, 2006; Girich et al, 2017; Girich & Boiko, 2019; Holsten, 2012; Somorjai et al, 2018). Research on this gene is limited to work on embryos of sea urchins and stars, as well as insects (Janssen et al, 2010; McCauley et al, 2013; Robert et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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WntA and Wnt4 during the regeneration of internal organs in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix

Girich

2023

Genesis

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SummaryBackgroundOver the past few years, it has been established that wnt genes are involved in the regenerative processes of holothurians. The wnt4 gene was identified as one of the most active genes in Eupentacta fraudatrix regeneration using differential gene expression analysis and qPCR of individual genes. Also, the wntA gene was found in holothurians, which is present only in invertebrates and can perform unique functions.ResultsIn this regard, both these genes and proteins were studied in this work. During regeneration, the Wnt4 protein is found in the cells of the coelomic and ambulacral epithelium, retractor muscles, and radial nerves. Single cells with this protein are also found in the connective tissue of the developing aquapharyngeal bulb and in the hypoderm of the body wall. Cells with WntA are found exclusively in the hypoderm of the body wall.ConclusionWe assume that both genes are involved in regeneration, but Wnt4 coordinates the formation of the epithelial tissue structure, while WntA maintains the state of the intercellular substance of the body wall.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WntA and Wnt4 during the regeneration of internal organs in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix

Girich

2023

Genesis

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“…Therefore, we only included the sequences for which we were certain of their homology, only one Wnt3 and Wnt9 sequences, Wnt8 duplicates, and the Wnt8 sequence that showed homology to Wnt2 of other species (labeled here as Wnt2). Similarly, we used the Wnt1 sequence from A. japonicus reported by Girich and colleagues (2019) [50], although this Wnt had not been previously reported in this species [37]. Wnt8 was not found in H. glaberrima.…”

Section: Comparison Of Wnt Genes In Echinodermatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Expression of Holothurian Wnt Signaling Genes during Adult Intestinal Organogenesis

Auger

Medina-Feliciano

Quispe-Parra

et al. 2023

Genes

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Wnt signaling has been shown to play multiple roles in regenerative processes, one of the most widely studied of which is the regeneration of the intestinal luminal epithelia. Most studies in this area have focused on self-renewal of the luminal stem cells; however, Wnt signaling may also have more dynamic functions, such as facilitating intestinal organogenesis. To explore this possibility, we employed the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima that can regenerate a full intestine over the course of 21 days after evisceration. We collected RNA-seq data from various intestinal tissues and regeneration stages and used these data to define the Wnt genes present in H. glaberrima and the differential gene expression (DGE) patterns during the regenerative process. Twelve Wnt genes were found, and their presence was confirmed in the draft genome of H. glaberrima. The expressions of additional Wnt-associated genes, such as Frizzled and Disheveled, as well as genes from the Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathways, were also analyzed. DGE showed unique distributions of Wnt in early- and late-stage intestinal regenerates, consistent with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway being upregulated during early-stages and the Wnt/PCP pathway being upregulated during late-stages. Our results demonstrate the diversity of Wnt signaling during intestinal regeneration, highlighting possible roles in adult organogenesis.

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“…Initially, differentiated cells in the mesothelial layers dedifferentiate and transdifferentiate in preparation for migration to the free end of the mesentery, where regeneration starts [ 54 , 56 , 67 ]. There is no direct evidence that stem cells in the traditional sense are involved in regeneration [ 54 , 68 ]. Apart from the thickening of the mesenteric margin, two anlages [ 34 ] form at the esophagus and cloaca in posterior eviscerating species such as A. japonicus [ 69 ] and H. glaberrima [ 48 ], whereas the anterior anlage consists of a mass of cells and posterior anlage, namely a blind tube, in anterior eviscerating species such as Eupentacta fraudatrix [ 34 ] and E. quinquesemita [ 33 ].…”

Section: Histology and Cytology Of Intestinal Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The retinoic acid signaling pathway can regulate cell division and dedifferentiation [ 91 ]. The main gene families involved in regeneration are Wnt , Frizzled [ 68 , 92 ], Hox [ 76 , 88 ], and Mtf [ 89 ]. Wnt/β-catenin is a canonical signaling pathway associated with development and regeneration and can promote regeneration in axolotl, Xenopus , and zebrafish [ 93 ].…”

Section: Molecular Mechanism Of Intestinal Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Histocytological Events and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Intestine Regeneration in Holothurians

Yang

Sun

2022

Biology

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Most species of the class Holothuroidea are able to regenerate most of their internal organs following a typical evisceration process, which is a unique mechanism that allows sea cucumbers to survive in adverse environments. In this review, we compare autotomy among different type of sea cucumber and summarize the histocytological events that occur during the five stages of intestinal regeneration. Multiple cytological activities, such as apoptosis and dedifferentiation, take place during wound healing and anlage formation. Many studies have focused on the molecular regulation mechanisms that underlie regeneration, and herein we describe the techniques that have been used as well as the development-related signaling pathways and key genes that are significantly expressed during intestinal regeneration. Future analyses of the underlying mechanisms responsible for intestinal regeneration should include mapping at the single-cell level. Studies of visceral regeneration in echinoderms provide a unique perspective for understanding whole-body regeneration or appendage regeneration.

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Wnt and Frizzled Genes in Echinoderms

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

WntA and Wnt4 during the regeneration of internal organs in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix

WntA and Wnt4 during the regeneration of internal organs in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix

Characterization and Expression of Holothurian Wnt Signaling Genes during Adult Intestinal Organogenesis

A Review of Histocytological Events and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Intestine Regeneration in Holothurians

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