Wizard of Oz and the Design of a Multi-player Mixed Reality Game

Torstensson, Niklas; Susi, Tarja; Wilhelmsson, Ulf; Lebram, Mikael

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50164-8_15

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Some frequently adopted hardware settings in these MR game studies included: 1) hand-held devices such as smart phones, tablets and personal digital assistants etc., examples like the work by Samodelkin et al (2016); Cavallo and Forbes (2016); Linner et al (2005); Behmel et al (2014); Torstensson et al (2020), 2) head-mounted devices like Microsoft Hololens, Magic Leap, Oculus etc., examples like the work by Cheok et al (2002); Harley et al (2017); Kim et al (2020); Wang et al (2019); Prompolmaueng et al (2021) 3) positionfixed devices like Microsoft Kinect (Pillat et al (2012); Oswald et al (2014); Pratticò et al (2019); Jing et al (2017); Yannier et al (2013)), ceiling-/wall-mounted projectors (Kim et al (2020); Oswald et al (2014); Pratticò et al (2019); Hong et al (2017); Lupetti et al (2015); Lahey et al (2008); Hatton et al (2008); Kajastila and Hämäläinen (2014); Swearingen and Swearingen (2018)), public displays (Samodelkin et al (2016); Smith and Graham (2010)) etc. Many studies leveraged standard interactions offered by conventional I/O devices like game pads (Cheok et al (2002); Kim et al (2020); Oswald et al (2014); Pratticò et al (2019); Hong et al (2017); Khoo et al (2009); Swearingen and Swearingen (2018), touchscreens Samodelkin et al (2016); Cavallo and Forbes (2016); Behmel et al (2014); …”

Section: State-of-the-art Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the work by Pratticò et al (2019); Lupetti et al (2015); Lahey et al (2008), could also roughly be merged into this genre, note that there might be no actual physical contact between the players and the robots. In addition, the most targeted application domains were general-purpose use (Harley et al (2017); Samodelkin et al (2016); Linner et al (2005); Kim et al (2020); Pratticò et al (2019); Lupetti et al (2015); Smith and Graham (2010)) and education (Torstensson et al (2020); Wang et al (2019); Prompolmaueng et al (2021); Pillat et al (2012); Yannier et al (2013); Lahey et al (2008); Hatton et al (2008)), followed by entertainment (Cheok et al (2002); Cavallo and Forbes (2016); Oswald et al (2014); Jing et al (2017); Hong et al (2017)), social interaction (Swearingen and Swearingen (2018); Khoo et al (2009); Tan et al (2006)), sports (Kajastila and Hämäläinen (2014)) and architecture (Behmel et al (2014)).…”

Section: State-of-the-art Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward Next Generation Mixed Reality Games: AResearch Through Design Approach

Xiao

Zhang

Buruk

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Mixed reality (MR) games refer to games that integrate physical entities with digitally mediated contents. Currently, it entails relatively high development efforts and technical threshold to incorporate multiple virtual and physical building blocks. Moreover, the absence of a coherent technology stack renders the design and development process even more challenging than conventional digital games. This research proposed an MR game technology stack that affords a wide spectrum of virtual and physical modules with flexibility to adapt to specific application domains and on-cite needs. We adopted a Research-through-Design (RtD) approach. We first surveyed 24 state-of-the-art studies, and results were synergized into three different spectra of technological affordances, respectively activity range, user interface and feedback control. Based on the initial insights, we then went through two iterations and resulted in an MR game technology stack. A user co-design workshop was further conducted, where 15 participants with different game making experiences were invited to try the proposed technology stack, and 4 conceptual game designs were generated after hands-on tutorial and group co-ideation sessions. We also collected participant feedback via user survey and semi-structured interview. The proposed technology stack received an overall positive feedback, particularly the innovative in-game interactions and the motivation for game creation it brought to the users.

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Section: State-of-the-art Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: State-of-the-art Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Next Generation Mixed Reality Games: AResearch Through Design Approach

Xiao

Zhang

Buruk

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Toward next generation mixed reality games: a research through design approach

Xiao,

Zhang,

Buruk

et al. 2024

Virtual Reality

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Mixed reality (MR) games refer to games that integrate physical entities with digitally mediated contents. Currently, it entails game creators to integrate heterogeneous virtual and physical components, which is often time-consuming and labor-intensive, without the support of a coherent technology stack. The underlying technodiversity manifested by the research corpus suggests a complicated, multi-dimensional design space that goes beyond merely technical concerns. In this research, we adopted a research-through-design approach and proposed an MR game technology stack that facilitates flexible, low-code game development. As design grounding, we first surveyed 34 state-of-the-art studies, and results were synergized into three different spectra of technological affordances, respectively activity range, user interface and feedback control, to inform our next design process. We then went through an iterative prototyping phase and implemented an MR game development toolset. A co-design workshop was conducted, where we invited 15 participants to try the prototype tools and co-ideate the potential use scenarios for the proposed technology stack. First-hand user feedback was collected via questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. As a result, four conceptual game designs with three major design implications were generated, which conjointly reflect a broader understanding on MR gameful experience and contribute fresh insights to this emerging research domain.

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Towards Next Generation Mixed Reality Games: A Research Through Design Approach (Preprint)

Xiao¹,

Zhang²,

Buruk³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Mixed reality (MR) game is a general terms to describe games that integrate physical entities with digitally mediated contents. This kind of highly interactive and immersive experience is believed to be the essence of metaverse, and by democratizing the game building, we will approach the future metaverse applications. However, it entails relatively high development efforts and technical threshold to incorporate multiple virtual and physical building blocks. Moreover, the absence of a coherent technology stack renders the design and development process even more challenging than conventional digital games. OBJECTIVE The objective of this research is to propose an MR game technology stack that affords a wide spectrum of virtual and physical modules with flexibility to adapt to specific application domains and on-cite needs. It is supposed to enable end users to rapid prototype and playtest their own MR games with lower development cost and smoother learning curve, thus ultimately contributing to the public engagement in co-designing and co-innovating mixed reality gameful experience. METHODS This research has adopted a Research-through-Design (RtD) approach. We first surveyed 24 state-of-the-art studies, and results were synergized into three different spectra of technological affordances, respectively activity range, user interface and feedback control. Based on the initial insights, we then went through two iterations and resulted in a technology stack consisting of three major modules, i.e. a cardboard virtual reality (VR) module, an outdoor positioning module and an RFID-based interactive module. A participatory design workshop was further conducted, where 15 participants with different game making experiences were invited to try the proposed technology stack, and 4 conceptual game designs were generated after hands-on tutorial and group co-ideation sessions. We also collected participant feedback via user survey and semi-structured interview. RESULTS According to the user survey results, user perceived learning difficulty, innovativeness, motivation and willingness of future use were respectively rated 3.2, 4.4, 4.5 and 4.5 on a 5-point (1-5) Likert scale. From the semi-structured interview, 3 major design insights emerged, namely: 1) seamful design, seamless experience; 2) think outside the screen; 3) play with virtuality and reality. CONCLUSIONS The proposed technology stack received an overall positive feedback, particularly the innovative in-game interactions and the motivation for game creation it brought to the users. The diversity we witnessed in the user-generated speculative designs also indicates great potentials in a wide range of future application domains. From our design-driven, user-centered practice, we believe some generalizable outcome, including the technological affordance spectra and the major design insights, can contribute to the next-generation mixed-reality games and gamified applications.

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Wizard of Oz and the Design of a Multi-player Mixed Reality Game

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Toward Next Generation Mixed Reality Games: AResearch Through Design Approach

Toward Next Generation Mixed Reality Games: AResearch Through Design Approach

Toward next generation mixed reality games: a research through design approach

Towards Next Generation Mixed Reality Games: A Research Through Design Approach (Preprint)

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