Within species variation in host plant quality and movement behavior of Lygus rugulipennis nymphs

Hannunen, Salla; Ekbom, Barbara

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2776-1_11

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In contrast, on high resistance plants, predation was low and so was aphid dispersal. Others have observed similar responses (Hannunen & Ekbom ; Underwood, Halpern & Klein ). For instance, wingless strawberry aphids ( Chaetosiphon fragaefolii ) responded to differences in quality across strawberry genotypes by increasing movement rate on high‐quality genotypes (Underwood, Halpern & Klein ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Plant resistance reduces the strength of consumptive and non‐consumptive effects of predators on aphids

Kersch-Becker

Thaler

2015

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Summary1. The impact of predators on prey has traditionally been attributed to the act of consumption. Prey responses to the presence of the predator (non-consumptive effects), however, can be as important as predation itself. While plant defences are known to influence predatorprey interactions, their relative effects on consumptive vs. non-consumptive effects are not well understood. 2. We evaluated the consequences of plant resistance and predators (Hippodamia convergens) on the mass, number of nymphs, population growth, density and dispersal of aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae). We tested for the effects of plant resistance on non-consumptive and consumptive effects of predators on aphid performance and dispersal using a combination of path analysis and experimental manipulation of predation risk. 3. We manipulated plant resistance using genetically modified lines of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) that vary incrementally in the expression of the jasmonate pathway, which mediates induced resistance to insects and manipulated aphid exposure to lethal and risk predators. Predation risk predators had mandibles impaired to prevent killing. 4. Plant resistance reduced predation rate (consumptive effect) on high resistance plants. As a consequence, predators had no impact on the number of nymphs, aphid density or population growth on high resistance plants, whereas on low resistance plants, predators reduced aphid density by 35% and population growth by 86%. Path analysis and direct manipulation of predation risk showed that predation risk rather than predation rate promoted aphid dispersal and varied with host plant resistance. Aphid dispersal in response to predation risk was greater on low compared to high resistance plants. The predation risk experiment also showed that the number of aphid nymphs increased in the presence of risk predators but did not translate into increased population growth. 5. In conclusion, the consumptive and non-consumptive components of predators affect different aspects of prey demography, acting together to shape prey population dynamics. While predation risk accounts for most of the total effect of the predator on aphid dispersal and number of nymphs, the suppressive effect of predators on aphid population occurred largely through consumption. These effects are strongly influenced by plant resistance levels, suggesting that they are context dependent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Plant resistance reduces the strength of consumptive and non‐consumptive effects of predators on aphids

Kersch-Becker

Thaler

2015

Journal of Animal Ecology

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“…The use of plant models was useful in an initial investigation because it eliminated secondary factors associated with natural plants (Frazer and McGregor 1994; Gingras et al . 2002; Hannunen and Ekbom 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Predators invest foraging efforts in different parts of a plant in accordance with differences in the probability of prey encounter (Bond 1983, Carter et al 1984. Herbivores could invest their dispersal efforts in different parts of a plant in accordance with higher quality food (Hannunen and Ekbom 2002) or in response to key orientation impulses (taxes). Colorado potato beetles, like many other beetles, have a tendency to move upwards on plants or along the fall line of sloped surfaces, especially as they emerge from the soil after pupation or after diapause (Grison and Ritter 1953;Pelletier and Caissie 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dispersal of adult Colorado potato beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on plant models

Boiteau

MacKinley

2012

Can Entomol

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Five artificial plant models mimicking potato plants, each having different and increasing numbers of structural components, were used to observe individual adult Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say); Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) over a period of 6 hours. The objective was to determine if plant architecture affected residency time, within plant dispersal, and distribution of the species. The number of transitions between sections, the time spent on each section, the residency time on each model, and the proportion of individuals walking off were recorded. Results showed a positive relationship between the proportion of beetles remaining after 6 hours and the number of connections on respective models. The unexpectedly long residency on all but the simplest model in spite of the absence of food indicates that architectural complexity had an impact on beetle retention. Dispersal activity and residency time were heavily skewed towards the top of models. Beetles exposed to positive light gradients of different intensities and a negative light gradient showed that a phototactic response could explain much of the dispersal pattern to the upper model sections. Results show that manipulation of plant structure remains an option for managing the beetle but will require further research on the contribution of heterogeneity and scale to residency time.

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<I>Rag1</I> Aphid Resistant Soybeans Alter the Movement and Distribution of Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Whalen

Harmon

2012

env. entom.

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Herbivorous insects often move and distribute according to the quality of the plant they are on, and this behavior could influence interactions with plants bred for herbivore resistance. However, when an insect is normally considered sedentary, less is known about the potential importance of movement. We performed experiments to determine if a resistant soybean variety alters the movement and distribution, both within and between plants, of the soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura. We did this by counting apterous aphids on leaves of resistant and susceptible soybean plants across several days. In individual plant tests aphid distribution was different between susceptible and resistant soybeans. Most notably aphids on resistant plants were quickly found off the original leaf on which they were placed and were ultimately distributed throughout the resistant soybean. Aphids on susceptible plants, however, tended to stay on their initial leaf of placement. Follow up experiments indicated this was primarily because of the movement of individuals and not differential demography on various plant parts. In experiments where aphids were able to walk to an adjacent plant there appeared to be a net movement of aphids off resistant plants and on to susceptible plants. Aphid populations on susceptible plants were higher when the plant was adjacent to a resistant plant than when adjacent to another susceptible plant. The effect of resistant plants on aphid movement and distribution could lead to unintended side-effects such as greater spread of plant viruses or altered effectiveness of biological control agents.

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Within species variation in host plant quality and movement behavior of Lygus rugulipennis nymphs

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Plant resistance reduces the strength of consumptive and non‐consumptive effects of predators on aphids

Plant resistance reduces the strength of consumptive and non‐consumptive effects of predators on aphids

Dispersal of adult Colorado potato beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on plant models

<I>Rag1</I> Aphid Resistant Soybeans Alter the Movement and Distribution of Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

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