Within-shoal phenotypic homogeneity affects shoaling preference in a killifish

Cattelan, Silvia; Griggio, Matteo

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2018.0293

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, it is believed that for confusion effect to be effective, selection might favor phenotypic similarity of individuals within the prey group 18,23 . This is supported in a recent study where Mediterranean killifish ( Aphanius fasciatus ), when given a choice, preferred more homogeneous groups (for colour patterning) over less homogeneous ones 26 . However, the influence of prey coloration per se on the confusion effect, and ultimately group-living, remains largely unexplored (but see 27–29 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

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Dynamic colour change and the confusion effect against predation

Murali

Kodandaramaiah

2019

Sci Rep

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The confusion effect - the decreased attack-to-kill ratio of a predator with increase in prey group size - is thought to be one of the main reasons for the evolution of group living in animals. Despite much interest, the influence of prey coloration on the confusion effect is not well understood. We hypothesized that dynamic colour change in motion (due to interference coloration or flash marks), seen widely in many group living animals, enhances the confusion effect. Utilizing a virtual tracking task with humans, we found targets that dynamically changed colour during motion were more difficult to track than targets with background matching patterns, and this effect was stronger at larger group sizes. The current study thus provides the first empirical evidence for the idea that dynamic colour change can benefit animals in a group and may explain the widespread occurrence of dynamic colorations in group-living animals.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…2). This is important because in addition to the environmental characteristics, within group similarity is also expected to positively affect the confusion effect 26,28 . Therefore, in the current study, it is possible that for the asynchronous colour change case (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic colour change and the confusion effect against predation

Murali

Kodandaramaiah

2019

Sci Rep

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“…Individuals were visually size matched to avoid extremes in size because homogeneity can affect shoaling in fishes (e.g. Cattelan & Griggio, 2018). Meuthen et al (2016) showed that in P. taeniatus, the relationship between homogeneity and density of shoals was altered by previous predation risk in the form of a negative correlation in groups exposed to alarm cues and a positive correlation in the control group.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inbreeding affects juvenile shoaling behaviour in sibling groups of a cichlid fish

et al. 2022

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Whilst the effects of inbreeding on growth and survival have been well studied, knowledge on the impact of inbreeding on the social behaviour is scarce. Animal groups are often composed of relatives, which can facilitate cooperation (due to kin selection) and improve group performance accordingly. Therefore, increased genetic relatedness in inbred kin groups could increase group performance, whilst the reduced genetic diversity could have negative effects (inbreeding depression). We compared the juvenile shoaling behaviour of inbred and outbred sibling groups in Pelvicachromis taeniatus (Boulenger 1901), a West-African cichlid fish with kin mating preferences. Activity (travelled distance), shoal density (inter-individual distance) and recovery from a disturbance (freezing time) in a novel environment were analysed using tracking software. Inbred individuals travelled shorter distances compared to outbred individuals, which may decrease conspicuousness and thus predation risk. Furthermore, inbred sibling groups recovered faster after the disturbance compared to outbred sibling groups suggesting improved coordination. In conclusion, our study revealed differences in shoaling between inbred and outbred sibling groups. The higher relatedness in inbred groups may have positive effects in the form of a reduced conspicuousness. The reduced activity may impair foraging success under natural conditions which might, however, be compensated by faster recovery from disturbances.

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“…Potential differences in the strength of social bonds between dyads who shared different experiences (e.g. positive versus negative of the same experience type) will be based on individual preferences that can be tested with a well-established procedure [27].…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many variables are known to affect (non-sexual) social preference (e.g. familiarity: [23][24][25]; phenotype similarity: [26,27]; habitat and diet similarity: [28]; social status: [29]), the existence of differential social relationships may also elicit a preference towards one individual over another [30][31][32]. According to the definition of social relationship itself [18,19], social bonds need time to develop [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dawn of social bonds: what is the role of shared experiences in non-human animals?

Busia

Griggio

2020

Biol. Lett.

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Group-living animals can develop social bonds. Social bonds can be considered a type of social relationship characterized by frequent and consistent affiliative (non-reproductive) interactions. Social bonds with conspecifics bring many advantages, also in terms of direct fitness. A characteristic of social bonds is that they need time to develop. Several studies on humans have emphasized the fact that sharing experiences can affect the strength of social bonds. A similar trend can be spotted in non-human species. For example, a recent experiment showed that if chimpanzees watched a video together with a conspecific, they spent more time in proximity compared to conspecifics with whom they did not actively watch a video. Another experiment on fish showed that individuals who experienced a situation of high predation risk together, showed preference for each other compared to those who did not. As the link between shared experiences and social bonds is not explicitly recognized in non-human animals, the main goal of this work is to propose the exploration of this novel research path. This exploration would contribute to shed light on the evolutionary mechanisms of social bond (or friendship) development and maintenance between individuals in different vertebrate species, from fish to non-human primates.

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Within-shoal phenotypic homogeneity affects shoaling preference in a killifish

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Dynamic colour change and the confusion effect against predation

Dynamic colour change and the confusion effect against predation

Inbreeding affects juvenile shoaling behaviour in sibling groups of a cichlid fish

The dawn of social bonds: what is the role of shared experiences in non-human animals?

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