Within‐patch search flights by <i>Pachyneuron aphidis</i> (Hym., Pteromalidae): a potential strategy to compensate reduced foraging speed by foot

Hübner, Gerhard

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0418.2001.00549.x

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…P. aphidis shows variable preferences to the different stages of A. gifuensis ; old larva have been associated with the highest parasitic rate (66.8%) followed by pupa (29.4%) (Chai, Kuang, & Zhu, ). One previous study indicated that the pattern and duration of P. aphidis search flights differed from aphid primary parasitoids, with approximately 40% of landings targeted close to aphid colonies (HuÈ bner, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological analysis of sensilla on different organs in Pachyneuron aphidis, a hyperparasitoid of Myzus persicae

Shen

Zhang

et al. 2019

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Aphidius gifuensis is the main enemy of Myzus persieae. While its parasitic rate can be influenced by the hyperparasitoid, Pachyneuron aphidis. As important parts of insects to sense odors from various environments, study of sensilla can lay the foundation of the further study about the parasitic mechanisms, reduce the hyperparasitic rate, and make the most effect usage of A. gifuensis. Here, we give a fundamental study about the morphology of the sensilla on the whole body of male and female P. aphidis. We observed seven main types of sensilla on them totally by using scanning electron microscopy. Including Böhm bristle (BB), chaetica sensilla (ChS), basiconic sensilla (BS), trichoid sensilla (TS), and placodea sensilla (PS), coeleoconica sensilla (CoS), basiconic capitate peg sensilla (BCPS). In addition, TS on antennae can be divided into four subtypes, on wings can be divided into two subtypes. Sensilla were most abundant on the antennae. We observed all types of sensilla on antennae. TS4 was uniporous and PS was multiporous. The other sensilla were nonporous. We did not find sexual dimorphism with regards to sensilla on the antennae except for the location of CoS. In male, CoS situated on the fourth subsegment of flagellum, but on the eighth subsegment in female. In other organs, TS has the largest number. We also found BS on compound eyes and ovipositor, BB on thoracic legs. The possible roles of these sensilla played in life activities are discussed. Our study makes a contribution of the parasitic mechanism of hyperparasitoids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological analysis of sensilla on different organs in Pachyneuron aphidis, a hyperparasitoid of Myzus persicae

Shen

Zhang

et al. 2019

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Species in this genus have been reported to be secondary parasitoids of A. fabae and Aphidius sp. (Hübner, 2001;Nagasaka et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field margin Plants support arthropod natural enemies in smallholder common bean farming systems in northern Tanzania

Ndakidemi

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Field margin plants provide habitats and food resources for natural enemies of pests (NEs), but their potential is poorly understood, particularly in the tropics and on smallholder farms. The experiments were conducted to test the potential of field margin plants on NEs. Sentinel plants were developed to collect Aphis fabae and Maruca vitrata parasitoids. Aphidius colemani was identified as the primary parasitoid of A. fabae. The dominant M. vitrata larval parasitoids were the Braconidae and Dolichogenidea, while the Platygastridae were the abundant egg parasitoids. The survey of field margins for plant-NE interactions in bean fields found that NEs most often interacted with Bidens pilosa (15.4%) and Euphorbia heterophylla (11.3%). Flowering plant species (Bidens pilosa, Lantana camara, Euphorbia heterophylla and Ageratum conyzoides) supported NEs out of bean growing season. In cage trials with an aphid- infested bean plant and a single flowering margin plant, the survival of A. colemani was more significant in the presence of E. heterophylla than B. pilosa, Tagetes minuta and Hyptis suaveolens. UV-fluorescent dye was applied to flowers of specific field margin plant species and NE was sampled from within the bean crop and field margins using sweep-netting and pan- traps, respectively. Captured insects were examined for the presence of the dye, indicative of a prior visit to the margin. Lady beetles and assassin bugs were abundant in plots with B. pilosa margins, hoverflies with T. minuta and Parthenium hysterophorus margins, and lacewings with T. minuta and B. pilosa margins. NEs were also sampled from high and low plant diversity bean fields using sweep netting and coloured sticky traps, comparing monocropped and intercropped farms. Overall, high-plant diversity fields had higher NEs than low-diversity fields. The field margin had a significantly higher number of NEs than the crop field. However, marginally higher populations of NEs in intercropping than in monocropping were observed, although the effect was not significant. To confirm that NE communities on farms predated Aphis fabae, we extracted and amplified A. fabae DNA from predatory insects. Fourteen lady beetle larvae, two lacewing larvae, and one assassin bug analyzed were found to contain A. fabae DNA, indicating all these groups can regulate the significant aphid pest of beans, A. fabae. A. colemani was a parasitoid that emerged from several non-aphid species collected from the field margins. Overall, NEs benefitted from field margin plants; those possessing extra floral nectaries had an added advantage. Thus, smallholder farmers protect the field margins for the added benefit of natural pest regulation in their fields and thus for food security and enhancing their livelihoods.

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Within‐patch search flights by Pachyneuron aphidis (Hym., Pteromalidae): a potential strategy to compensate reduced foraging speed by foot

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Morphological analysis of sensilla on different organs in Pachyneuron aphidis, a hyperparasitoid of Myzus persicae

Morphological analysis of sensilla on different organs in Pachyneuron aphidis, a hyperparasitoid of Myzus persicae

Field margin Plants support arthropod natural enemies in smallholder common bean farming systems in northern Tanzania

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