Within-herd prevalence of<i>Salmonella</i>Dublin in endemically infected dairy herds

Nielsen, Liza Rosenbaum

doi:10.1017/s0950268812003007

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The source of Salmonella-based diseases in people is often subclinically infected local dairy cattle (22,24). Cattle are the most important Salmonella reservoir agents and consumption of infected cattle meat is related to salmonellosis epidemics (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies were carried out to isolate and serotype Salmonella from dairy cattle and calves (4,7,14,18,21,22,24). Several researchers (4,7,14,18,21,22,24) Fecal Salmonella studies in Turkey are usually based on slaughterhouse samples or case-based notices. Gökçen et al (26) isolated S. Typhimurium from the small bowel contents of only one cow out of 298 cattle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serotypes of Salmonella isolated from feces of cattle, buffalo,and camel and sensitivities to antibiotics in Turkey

Hadimli¹,

Pinarkara²,

Sakmanoğlu³

et al. 2017

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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IntroductionSalmonellosis is a common bacterial enteric infection with significant economic losses for the intensive production of cattle, sheep, and poultry (1,2). Salmonella species are zoonotic and are transmitted to humans via ingestion of contaminated milk, eggs, and meat (3,4). Although Salmonella infections may occur at any age in cattle, the associated clinical symptoms are more severe in calves from the first 2 weeks to 3 months of their life (5,6).Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica may cause infections associated with several clinical symptoms or systemic infections characterized by diarrhea and septicemia and may even lead to death in severe cases. It can be harbored by asymptomatic carriers (2,5). In the enteric form of salmonellosis, the stool is sticky and watery and has a putrid odor. It may contain flecks of mucus, shreds of the mucous membrane, and in some cases blood. Young calves and lambs frequently develop septicemia. Furthermore, marked depression, fever, symptoms of the central nervous system, pneumonia, and death within 2-3 days can also occur (7-9). Clinical symptoms and necropsy findings alone are not sufficient for a definitive diagnosis of Salmonella infection. It is imperative to isolate and identify the causative Salmonella species (10-12). While the isolation of Salmonella is relatively easy via bacterial culture from samples taken from animals with septicemia, carcasses, and the organs of aborted fetuses, enrichment is needed to increase the chance of isolating Salmonella from feed samples or from fecal cultures used to detect carriers (7,13,14).This study aimed to isolate and serotype Salmonella species from fecal samples of dairy cattle, calves with diarrhea, camels, and water buffaloes and to determine sensitivities of the isolates to antibiotics. Materials and methods SamplingA total of 869 fecal samples were collected from 21 herds in 13 provinces (Konya,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotypes of Salmonella isolated from feces of cattle, buffalo,and camel and sensitivities to antibiotics in Turkey

Hadimli¹,

Pinarkara²,

Sakmanoğlu³

et al. 2017

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…The host-specific group encompasses important pathogens, such as S. Typhi and S. Gallinarum, which cause typhoid fever in humans and fowl typhoid in avian birds (Shivaprasad, 2000;Kwon et al, 2010;Buckle et al, 2012). S. Dublin is a typical host-adapted serovar, mainly causing infections in cattle, but also sporadically reported from human infections (Nielsen, 2013;Harvey et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and Outcome of Macrophage Interaction Between Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Dublin and Macrophages From Chicken and Cattle

Huang

Herrero-Fresno

Skov

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Salmonella Gallinarum only infects avian species, where it causes a severe systemic infection in birds of all ages. It is generally accepted that interaction with phagocytic cells plays an important role in the development of systemic, host-specific Salmonella infections. The current study detailed the interaction of S. Gallinarum with macrophages derived from chicken (HD11) and cattle (Bomac) compared to interaction of the broad host range serovar, Salmonella Typhimurium and the cattle adapted serovar Salmonella Dublin. Results showed a weaker invading ability of S. Gallinarum in both kinds of macrophages, regardless whether the bacteria were opsonized or not before infections. However, opsonization of S. Gallinarum by chicken serum increased its intracellular survival rate in chicken macrophages. No significant induction of nitrogen oxide was observed in the infected HD11 cells within the first 6 h, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were similar among the three serovars. S. Gallinarum infection was associated with low cell deaths in both chicken and cattle macrophages, whereas S. Dublin only induced a comparable high level of cell death in chicken macrophages, but not in macrophages of its preferred host species (Bomac) compared to host generalist S. Typhimurium. S. Gallinarum-infected HD11 macrophages exhibited low induction of pro-inflammation genes [interleukin (IL)1β, CXCLi1, and CXCLi2] compared to the two other serovars, and contrary to the other serovars, it did not induce significant downregulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and TLR5. In in vivo infection of 1-week-old chicken, a significant upregulation of the TLR4 and TLR5 genes in the spleen was observed in S. Gallinarum-infected chickens, but not in S. Typhimurium-infected chicken at 5 days post-infections. Taken together, results show that S. Gallinarum infection of macrophages was characterized by low uptake and low cytotoxicity, possibly allowing long-term persistence in the intracellular environment, and it caused a low induction of pro-inflammatory responses.

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“…The program included increased active surveillance for the infection of all cattle herds and both voluntary and mandatory efforts to reduce bacteria in the environment. On the basis of defined serology cutoff values and bacteriology results, cattle herds are categorized into three levels: herds assigned to level 1 are considered free from S. Dublin infection, herds in level 2 must undergo a mandatory plan of reduction and, in addition to this, level 3 herds are put on restrictions with regard to slaughter and trade in order to prevent the transfer of S. Dublin to noninfected herds (10). The program has been updated continuously, and as a result, the prevalence of S. Dublin infection in cattle herds has been reduced from 25 to 7% between 2002 and 2015 (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica Serovar Dublin in Cattle and Humans in Denmark, 1996 to 2016: a Retrospective Whole-Genome-Based Study

Kudirkienė

Sørensen

Torpdahl

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin is a cattle-adapted S. enterica serovar causing both intestinal and systemic infection in its bovine host, and it is also a serious threat to human health. The present study aimed to determine the population structure of S. Dublin isolates obtained from Danish cattle herds and to investigate how cattle isolates relate to Danish human isolates, as well as to non-Danish human and bovine isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of 197 Danish cattle isolates from 1996 to 2016 identified three major clades corresponding to distinct geographical regions of cattle herds. Persistence of closely related isolates within the same herd and their circulation between epidemiologically linked herds for a period of more than 20 years were demonstrated. These findings suggest that a lack of internal biosecurity and, to some extent, also a lack of external biosecurity in the herds have played an important role in the long-term persistence of S. Dublin in Danish cattle herds in the period investigated. Global population analysis revealed that Danish cattle isolates clustered separately from bovine isolates from other countries, whereas human isolates were geographically spread. Resistance genes were not commonly demonstrated in Danish bovine isolates; only the isolates within one Danish clade were found to often harbor two plasmids of IncFII/IncFIB and IncN types, the latter plasmid carrying blaTEM-1, tetA, strA, and strB antibiotic resistance genes. IMPORTANCE S. Dublin causes economic losses in cattle production, and the bacterium is a public health concern. A surveillance and control program has been in place in Denmark since 2002 with the ultimate goal to eradicate S. Dublin from Danish cattle herds; however, a small proportion of herds have remained positive for many years. In this study, we demonstrate that herds with persistent infection often were infected with the same strain for many years, indicating that internal biosecurity has to be improved to curb the infection. Further, domestic cases of S. Dublin infection in humans were found to be caused both by Danish cattle isolates and by isolates acquired abroad. This study shows the strength of whole-genome sequencing to obtain detailed information on epidemiology of S. Dublin and allows us to suggest internal biosecurity as a main way to control this bacterium in Danish cattle herds.

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Within-herd prevalence ofSalmonellaDublin in endemically infected dairy herds

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Serotypes of Salmonella isolated from feces of cattle, buffalo,and camel and sensitivities to antibiotics in Turkey

Serotypes of Salmonella isolated from feces of cattle, buffalo,and camel and sensitivities to antibiotics in Turkey

Dynamics and Outcome of Macrophage Interaction Between Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Dublin and Macrophages From Chicken and Cattle

Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica Serovar Dublin in Cattle and Humans in Denmark, 1996 to 2016: a Retrospective Whole-Genome-Based Study

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