Within and between race distances in population studies based on discrete traits of the human skull

Ossenberg, Nancy Suzanne

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330450337

Cited by 73 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Laughlin and Jørgensen, 1956;Yamaguchi, 1967;Berry and Berry, 1967;Dodo, 1974;Ossenberg, 1976). The findings of the present study suggest that these non-metric cranial traits might be used effectively even for population studies of juveniles, such as the children of prehistoric Jomon and Yayoi in Japan.…”

Section: Comparison Of Trait Frequencies Between Children and Adultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Two hyperostotic non-metric traits, caroticoclinoid foramen and pterygospinous foramen, which appear at an early developmental stage in the human cranium

Kawakubo

Dodo

Kuraoka

2013

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Hyperostotic non-metric traits of the human cranium are characterized by excessive ossification over the non-anomalous condition. Although hyperostotic traits are considered ageprogressive, the appearance of two hyperostotic traits, hypoglossal canal bridging and jugular foramen bridging, has been reported in fetal crania. In the present study, we show the detection of a pterygospinous foramen and two caroticoclinoid foramina in Japanese fetal crania. These findings suggest that these two types of foramen can appear at an early stage of craniofacial development. Analysis of the Spitalfields skeletal collection (London) has shown that the frequencies of both foramina in adults older than 20 years of age were slightly higher than those of children aged 0-6 years. However, statistical analyses did not show significant differences between children and adults. This suggests that these non-metric cranial traits may also be useful for anthropological population studies of juveniles.

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Section: Comparison Of Trait Frequencies Between Children and Adultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Two hyperostotic non-metric traits, caroticoclinoid foramen and pterygospinous foramen, which appear at an early developmental stage in the human cranium

Kawakubo

Dodo

Kuraoka

2013

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“…Data for adults of both sexes were pooled and for certain features juvenile data also were included. Descriptions of the features and criteria for selecting and scoring them have been documented in earlier reports (Ossenberg, 1970(Ossenberg, , 1976(Ossenberg, , 1994(Ossenberg, , 2004; however, brief explanatory notes concerning certain features may be useful here.…”

Section: Cranial Nonmetric Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnogenesis and craniofacial change in Japan from the perspective of nonmetric traits

Ossenberg

Dodo

Maeda

et al. 2006

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To examine population affinities in light of the 'dual structure model', frequencies of 21 nonmetric cranial traits were analyzed in 17 prehistoric to recent samples from Japan and five from continental northeast Asia. Eight bivariate plots, each representing a different bone or region of the skull, as well as cluster analysis of 21-trait mean measures of divergence using multidimensional scaling and additive tree techniques, revealed good discrimination between the Jomon-Ainu indigenous lineage and that of the immigrants who arrived from continental Asia after 300 BC. In Hokkaido, in agreement with historical records, Ainu villages of Hidaka province were least, and those close to the Japan Sea coast were most, hybridized with Wajin. In the central islands, clines were identified among Wajin skeletal samples whereby those from Kyushu most resembled continental northeast Asians, while those from the northernmost prefectures of Tohoku apparently retained the strongest indigenous heritage. In the more southerly prefectures of Tohoku, stronger traces of Jomon ancestry prevailed in the cohort born during the latest Edo period than in the one born after 1870. Thus, it seems that increased inter-regional mobility and gene flow following the Meiji Restoration initiated the most recent episode in the long process of demic diffusion that has helped to shape craniofacial change in Japan.

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“…Some of these studies examined relationships between widely divergent populations (e.g., Corruccini, 1974;Ossenberg, 1976;Pietrusewsky, 1984) although the majority have been regional studies of closely related populations, usually within a single major group (e.g., Ossenberg, 1969;Kellock and Parsons, 1970;Molto, 1983;Konigsberg, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The value of infracranial nonmetric variation in studies of modernHomo sapiens: An Australian focus

Donlon

2000

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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The value of quantitative infracranial nonmetric variation is examined in the study of population relationships by using samples from populations originating from five major geographic regions: Australia (two populations), Africa, East Asia, Europe, and Polynesia. According to the nonspecificity hypothesis, there are no distinct large classes of genes affecting one group of attributes exclusively; thus infracranial nonmetric traits should compare with other osteologic data sets in addressing questions of population relationships. By using the mean measure of divergence, infracranial nonmetric traits are shown to be useful in separating populations, particularly when using female and pooled-sex samples. The two Australian female samples (New South Wales coastal Australian and South Australian Aboriginals) are shown to be closer than any other two samples. The picture of intrapopulation and interpopulation variation in infracranial nonmetric traits is extended and clarified. Distance studies with infracranial nonmetric traits are possible but more illuminating if the sexes are first separated. Infracranial nonmetric variation does extend the knowledge of human population studies in yielding biologically meaningful results relating to development and ontogeny.

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Within and between race distances in population studies based on discrete traits of the human skull

Cited by 73 publications

References 23 publications

Two hyperostotic non-metric traits, caroticoclinoid foramen and pterygospinous foramen, which appear at an early developmental stage in the human cranium

Two hyperostotic non-metric traits, caroticoclinoid foramen and pterygospinous foramen, which appear at an early developmental stage in the human cranium

Ethnogenesis and craniofacial change in Japan from the perspective of nonmetric traits

The value of infracranial nonmetric variation in studies of modernHomo sapiens: An Australian focus

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