Withering corolla remains on the calyx tube enhance reproductive success in Oxalis stricta L.

Abstract

as indicated by van der Kooi et al. (2019), the question of whether flower closure is an adaptive trait that enhances reproductive success remains to be further explored.

Flowering shift due to climate warming in cool temperate Japan

“…For example, faster FFDs are associated with shorter daytime in the blooming season (i.e. shorter flower opening duration), especially for species with open‐close flowers, and subsequent reduced seed production (Imamura and Hariu 2020). Another possible source of ‘mistiming' could be precocity due to spring frosts and snowfall.…”

“…earlier zero-snow-depth DOY), lead to earlier plant flowering (Inouye 2022). Kudo and Cooper (2019) especially for species with open-close flowers, and subsequent reduced seed production (Imamura and Hariu 2020). Another possible source of 'mistiming' could be precocity due to spring frosts and snowfall.…”

“…To evaluate the effects of temperature on FFD, aerial temperatures above 0°C were used to calculate the effective temperature for the flowering of the early spring species (Imamura and Hariu 2020). Subsequently, the accumulated degree hours above 0°C (ADH) from 1 January to the FFD each year was calculated for each species.…”

“…Thus, ADH is an index of plant phenology (i.e. for the first flowering day, seed production and seed maturation) for plant species (Imamura and Hariu 2020). Kawabata (1995) reported the mean flowering day and ADD above 5°C (i.e.…”