WITHDRAWN: Optimization of process parameters for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Plackett-Burman and 3-level Box–Behnken Design

Abstract

Background: The present work describes the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) from leaf extracts of Piper betle and Jatropha curcas using a green approach. Green synthesis of nanoparticle is superior over other methods of synthesis as it is ecofriendly and cost effective. The phytochemical components in the leaf extract play a vital role in reducing the AgNO3 and hence synthesizing the silver nanoparticles. During this reduction activity, the several factors which affect the synthesis of nanoparticles were investigated and optimized according to the yield of nanoparticles. The experimental conditions investigated were pH, temperature, pressure, time of reaction, microwave radiation, UV radiation and concentration of plant extract, silver nitrate & sunlight. Satisfactory yields of silver nanoparticles synthesis from plant extract were obtained by using optimum conditions when compared to conventional synthesis of nanoparticles. The optimization parameter was later Result: A mathematical model was formulated to correlate the interactive influence of the parameters and the significant reduction. Plackett-Burman design (PBD) indicated that concentration of plant extract, concentration of silver nitrate and sunlight were the major parameters affecting the synthesis of silver nanoparticle. The mutual interactions of these variables are mapped in the design by 3 Box-Behnken design (BBD). The significant factors and their interactions in the green synthesis were examined by analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result indicated that the BBD was a good predictive model for the experimental results. Though the plant extracts are different, the characterization of the synthesized nanoparticle after optimization of parameters showed uniform size and shape i.e. spherical shape and size of 41 nm. Conclusion: The silver nanoparticles were synthesized under different optimization parameters were uniformly shaped (spherical) and sized (41 nm) particles. The mathematical models Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken helped in analyzing the impact of the optimization parameters.