WITHDRAWN: Integrated approach of fluid modeling using material balance technique to estimate oil in place, case study: Northern IRAQ

Abed, Adnan Ajam; Sulaiman, Izzat Niazi; Zainalabden, Mohammed Jawad

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.518

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“… Emulsions and foams: The production of water is able to decreased by using these procedures to restrict channels of water and regulate fractures.  Modifications of the relative permeability: Chemicals are added to improve or maintain the permeability of the rock to oil, corresponding to a decrease in permeability to water [24].…”

Section: Chemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of Treating Produced Water During Oil and Gas Production Processes

Al-Rubaye,

Jasim,

Jassam

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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In generally, the total volume of produced water, also known as water cut, varies from well to well, as well as based on the type of reservoir, whether it is a gas or oil reservoir, as well as the characteristics of the reservoir rocks, including permeability. Based on the type of reservoir (oil or gas), where it is located of the field, the geologic formation, and the type of hydrocarbons product being produced, the physical and chemical characteristics of produced water, such as hardness, PH, total suspended solids, conductivity, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, and chloride, vary significantly. Oil and gas extraction produces water that is considered as wastewater and requires expensive control. There are three fundamental approaches for avoiding or reducing the damage and pollution caused by water. These include employing inside-the-reservoir ways to limit generated water, applying contemporary methods of treatment and making this water harmless, and re-injecting the water into the reservoir. On another hand, Between 1987 and 1999, chemicals might be used during drilling and processing to reduce solid deposit on equipment and casings, according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This study aims to provide a quick overview of produced water issues and treatment solutions applied during the oil and gas production processes.

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Section: Chemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of Treating Produced Water During Oil and Gas Production Processes

Al-Rubaye,

Jasim,

Jassam

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…-The impact of the economic embargo after 1991 until 2003, which isolated the oil and gas industry from the world and investments that develop this industry. In addition, the complexity of the technology to benefit from gas that Iraq lacks, the high costs of gas production technologies, the increase in gas flaring is directly proportional to the increase in crude oil production, since associated gas constitutes 70% of the gas wealth in Iraq, as well as the failed administration by the government [15][16] [17].…”

Section: B Soft Causes Include the Followingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associated Petroleum Gas: Environmental, Utilization, and Economic Rationale

Al-Rubaye,

Jasim,

Jassam

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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This study intends to shed light on associated gas from an economic standpoint, due to its various applications instead of oil, and from an environmental standpoint, due to the damage it does when burned during crude oil extraction. APG is a key raw material in the production of electricity and heating energy, as well as a variety of petrochemical products. Furthermore, APG has higher levels of water, which is known as wet gas, and hydrogen sulphide, which is known as sour gas. Helium, a marginally useful by-product, may be discovered in significant quantities. Different countries(Russia, Iraq, Iran, the US, Algeria, Venezuela, and Nigeria) have been the most prominent flare-ups over the past nine years. Also, these countries produced approximately 40% of the world’s oil per year, however they are also responsible for almost two-thirds (65%) of the world’s gas flaring. Flaring associated petroleum gas occurs for a variety of causes, which may be divided into difficult causes and soft causes. On another hand, When gas is flared, a considerable amount of pollutants are emitted. Flare stack smoke indicates an inefficient combustion process, which increases the volume of harmful pollutants generated into the surrounding environment, such as volatile organic compounds.

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WITHDRAWN: Integrated approach of fluid modeling using material balance technique to estimate oil in place, case study: Northern IRAQ

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Methods of Treating Produced Water During Oil and Gas Production Processes

Methods of Treating Produced Water During Oil and Gas Production Processes

Associated Petroleum Gas: Environmental, Utilization, and Economic Rationale

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