WITHDRAWN: Influence of trivalent rare earth (Dy3+) ions substitution on the structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of nanosized Ni0.6Cd0.4DyxFe2‒xO4 ferrites

Abstract

In the present work, Ni0.6Cd0.4DyxFe2‒xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by using sol-gel auto combustion method. The structural characterization was performed by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and EDS analyses. XRD patterns confirmed that the pure and dysprosium substituted Ni-Cd ferrites are in single phase spinel structures, while a trace of DyFeO3 appears as a minor phase for higher concentrations (x = 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20). The Debye‒Scherrer’s method and Williamson-Hall (W-H) method were used to evaluate the crystallite sizes and lattice strain. The average crystallite size was found to be in the range from 27 to 48 nm. FT-IR confirms the formation of spinel structure. SEM images show that reduction of grain size with Dy3+ content. Elemental composition features of samples were examined by EDS. The average particles size estimated from TEM analysis are in good agreement with results obtained from the XRD. The results showed that saturation magnetization (Ms) decreases and coercivity (Hc) increases with increase in Dy3+ concentrations. The dielectric constant and the loss tangent decrease rapidly with increasing frequency and then reaches a constant value, characteristic of normal behavior of ferrites. The dielectric constant was found to decrease with increasing Dy content in Ni-Cd ferrites. Ferrite sample with Dy3+ concentration, x = 0.05 show high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and hence can be utilized in high frequency electrical circuits.

Lanthanum substituted Ni-Zn ferrite (Ni0.75Zn0.25Fe2O4) nanomaterial and its composite with rGO for degradation of binary dyes under visible light irradiation

“…In general, the absorption band (ν 1 ) which appears in the range of 500-600 cm −1 is attributed to the intrinsic vibration of tetrahedral metal-oxygen bond, while the lower absorption band (ν 2 ) appeared in the range of 400-480 cm −1 is assigned to the octahedral metal-oxygen bond. These two bands are considered to be a typical of spinel ferrite structure and confirm the formation of spinel ferrite [1,27,42]. These FTIR results are in compliance with the result obtained from the XRD analysis.…”

“…Ionic radii of elements have an impact on lattice constant [1]. As a result, the exchange of larger La 3+ ions (ionic radii of 1.6061 Å) in the arrangement of the smaller Fe 3+ ions (0.645 Å) on octahedral B-site would cause the expansion of unit cell dimensions and resulting in increase in the lattice constants [42,48]. Using the cell constant value, the unit cell volumes of NZF and LNZF were calculated by using the equation (3) and which were found to be 571.8 Å 3 and 592.702 Å 3 respectively.…”

Structural and Electrical Properties of Pure and Samarium Doped MgFe₂O₄ Nanoparticles for Resistive RAM Applications

“…The properties of MgFe2O4 can be modified by doping of divalent or trivalent ions. In literature many researchers have reported that the doping of rare earth metals in ferrites may alter the intrinsic properties of ferrites [11].…”