Withdrawn

Abstract

Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play crucial roles in immune responses and other biological processes, but the role of miR‐181a in myasthenia gravis (MG) has been relatively less studied. We found that miR‐181a was downregulated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of MG patients and was associated with QMGs and anti‐AChR Ab levels. In vitro experiments indicated that miR‐181a was involved in the modulation of CD4+ T cell activation and plasticity and that miR‐181a decreased the expression level of the Th1‐related transcription factor T‐bet and the Th17‐related transcription factor RORγt. In the in vivo experiment, miR‐181a treatment alleviated experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) symptoms and affected both CD4+ T cell differentiation and the production of anti‐AChR antibodies. Moreover, in this study, we also found that IL‐2 was regulated by miR‐181a and that its expression level showed a strong negative correlation with miR‐181a levels in MG patients. To illustrate that the expression levels of both IL‐2 and miR‐181a were sensitive to immunomodulatory therapy treatment in MG, we found that IL‐2 and miR‐181a were correlated with clinical severity. These findings demonstrate that miR‐181a can contribute to the pathogenesis of MG by regulating IL‐2 expression.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Circulating miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Myasthenia Gravis: Tools for Personalized Medicine

“…Furthermore, miR-15a expression is reduced in the PBMCs of MG patients and levels are much lower in patients with OMG compared to GMG (98). Yet another miRNA, miR-181a, is downregulated in the PBMCs of MG patients, with a negative correlation between the miR-181a level and QMG score as well as AChR antibody levels (99). Reduced miR-181c expression in the PBMCs of AChR+ MG patients also seems to correlate with elevated serum levels of the interleukins IL-7 and IL-17 (100).…”

Long noncoding RNA HCG18 up‐regulates the expression of WIPF1 and YAP/TAZ by inhibiting miR‐141‐3p in gastric cancer

“…For instance, miR-181a targets IL-2 to regulate the activation and differentiation of CD4 + T cells. 25 miR-21 enhances the PLF and MTS of breast cancer cells by targeting LZTFL1. 26 In GC, miRNAs have been found to play various regulatory roles in cell PLF, MGT, multidrug resistance, etc For example, miR-4268 represses the PLF of GC cells by targeting Rab6B 27 ; miR-107 modulates the growth and MGT of GC cells by down-regulating FAT4 to activate PI3K-AKT signaling pathway 28 ; miR-200c reverses the cisplatin resistance of GC by targeting NER-ERCC3/4.…”

Emerging Roles of Dysregulated MicroRNAs in Myasthenia Gravis

“…miR-181a is involved in the modulation of CD4+ T-cell activation and associated with the expression of transcription factors related to Th1 and Th17. Liu et al (2019) found that IL-2 is regulated by miR-181a. There is a negative correlation between the levels of miR-181a and IL-2, suggesting that miR-181a is involved in the pathogenesis of MG through the modulation of IL-2 expression (Liu et al, 2019).…”

“…Liu et al (2019) found that IL-2 is regulated by miR-181a. There is a negative correlation between the levels of miR-181a and IL-2, suggesting that miR-181a is involved in the pathogenesis of MG through the modulation of IL-2 expression (Liu et al, 2019). IL-8 is a chemotactic cytokine that promotes inflammatory cell chemotaxis and induces cell proliferation.…”