WITHDRAWN: 1H NMR-based metabolomics investigation of dietary soybean meal supplementation in hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser. baerii ♀× A. schrenckii ♂)”

Abstract

Background: Soybean proteins is the most widely alternative protein sources for fish meal in aquafeed. However, soybean meal (SBM) substitution imposes negative influences such as growth restriction and intestinal inflammation. Limited reports were concentrated on the metabolic alterations in fish. Results: A ten-week feeding trial was conducted to examine the effect of dietary SBM replacement on growth performance, blood chemistry and metabolism in hybrid sturgeon. It was showed that 25% SBM substitution acquired the highest weight gain, with hepatosomatic index reduced significantly in the 50% and 100% SBM supplement groups. Besides, SBM diet led to significant increase of the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase concentration in the 100% SBM diet group. Moreover, SBM diets higher than 50% resulted in obvious hepatic injury of lipid droplet accumulation by histological analysis. 1H NMR method was applied to detect metabolite changes in liver and blood. Totally, 47 and 50 representative metabolites were screened in liver and serum, respectively. The subsequent PLS-DA analysis identified 23 in liver and 16 in serum of metabolites affected by SBM substitution through pairwise comparisons, respectively. The following pathway enrichment revealed 15 in liver and 18 in serum of perturbed pathways, respectively. Among them, pathway of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis with two differentiated metabolites (phenylalanine and tyrosine) involved deserved the highest impact factor, which indicated severe liver damage by SBM diets. Conclusions: It was summarized that 250 g/kg of SBM replacement from fish meal did not negatively affect parameters of growth performance, blood chemistry, liver structure and metabolism in hybrid sturgeon. More than 500 g/kg SBM substitution caused severe liver damage and metabolomics disorder. These results provide an important insight into the understanding of SBM diet-induced metabolic perturbation in sturgeons.