Withdrawal symptoms in infants with the fetalalcohol syndrome

Pierog, Sophie; Chandavasu, Oradee; Wexler, Irving B.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(77)80387-9

Cited by 103 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…57,58 Subacute signs of opioid withdrawal may last up to 6 months. 59 Seizures also may be associated with withdrawal from a variety of nonnarcotic drugs (eg, barbiturates, 12,14 alcohol, 14 and sedative-hypnotics 60,61 ). The mechanism and significance of seizures associated with withdrawal are unclear.…”

Section: Clinical Presentation Of Opioid Withdrawalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Drug Withdrawal

Hudak¹,

Tan²,

Frattarelli³

et al. 2012

Pediatrics

742

608

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Maternal use of certain drugs during pregnancy can result in transient neonatal signs consistent with withdrawal or acute toxicity or cause sustained signs consistent with a lasting drug effect. In addition, hospitalized infants who are treated with opioids or benzodiazepines to provide analgesia or sedation may be at risk for manifesting signs of withdrawal. This statement updates information about the clinical presentation of infants exposed to intrauterine drugs and the therapeutic options for treatment of withdrawal and is expanded to include evidence-based approaches to the management of the hospitalized infant who requires weaning from analgesics or sedatives.

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Section: Clinical Presentation Of Opioid Withdrawalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Drug Withdrawal

Hudak¹,

Tan²,

Frattarelli³

et al. 2012

Pediatrics

742

608

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although several authors describe abnormal newborn behavior of exposed infants immediately after delivery, the findings are more consistent with drug toxicity, which steadily improves over time, 144,145 as opposed to an abstinence syndrome, in which clinical signs would escalate over time as the drug is metabolized and eliminated from the body. There is 1 report of withdrawal from prenatal alcohol exposure in infants with fetal alcohol syndrome born to mothers who drank heavily during pregnancy, 146 but withdrawal symptoms have not been reported in longitudinal studies available in the extant literature. Neonatal abstinence symptoms have not been observed in marijuanaexposed infants, although abnormal newborn behavior has been reported with some similarities to that associated with narcotic exposure.…”

Section: Withdrawalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Substance Abuse: Short- and Long-term Effects on the Exposed Fetus

Behnke¹,

Levy²,

Ammerman³

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

485

389

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Prenatal substance abuse continues to be a significant problem in this country and poses important health risks for the developing fetus. The primary care pediatrician’s role in addressing prenatal substance exposure includes prevention, identification of exposure, recognition of medical issues for the exposed newborn infant, protection of the infant, and follow-up of the exposed infant. This report will provide information for the most common drugs involved in prenatal exposure: nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, opiates, cocaine, and methamphetamine.

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“…Recent studies also implicate the potential of preconception paternal alcohol consumption, which can lead to FASD (Kim et al, 2014;Knezovich and Ramsay, 2012). Previous studies have shown the importance of both alcohol exposure and withdrawal (termination of alcohol consumption) in FASD pathogenesis (Carlson et al, 2012), emphasizing the necessity to study the effect of both ethanol exposure and withdrawal on the central nervous system development (Pierog et al, 1977;Thomas and Riley, 1998). During development, "binge-like" (single time) ethanol exposure as well as continuous ethanol exposure are reported to cause severe effects that contribute to FASD pathobiology (Flegel et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol deregulates Mecp2/MeCP2 in differentiating neural stem cells via interplay between 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine at the Mecp2 regulatory elements

Liyanage

Zachariah

Davie

et al. 2015

Experimental Neurology

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Methyl CpG Binding Protein 2 (MeCP2) is an important epigenetic factor in the brain. MeCP2 expression is affected by different environmental insults including alcohol exposure. Accumulating evidence supports the role of aberrant MeCP2 expression in ethanol exposureinduced neurological symptoms. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of ethanolinduced MeCP2 deregulation remain elusive. To study the effect of ethanol on Mecp2/MeCP2 expression during neurodifferentiation, we established an in vitro model of ethanol exposure, using differentiating embryonic brain-derived neural stem cells (NSC). Previously, we demonstrated the impact of DNA methylation at the Mecp2 regulatory elements (REs) on Mecp2/ MeCP2 expression in vitro and in vivo. Here, we studied whether altered DNA methylation at these REs is associated with the Mecp2/MeCP2 misexpression induced by ethanol. Binge-like and continuous ethanol exposure upregulated Mecp2/MeCP2, while ethanol withdrawal downregulated its expression. DNA methylation analysis by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation indicated that increased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and decreased 5-methylcytosine (5mC) enrichment at specific REs were associated with upregulated Mecp2/MeCP2 following continuous ethanol exposure. The reduced Mecp2/MeCP2 expression upon ethanol withdrawal was associated with reduced 5hmC and increased 5mC enrichment at these REs. Moreover, ethanol altered global DNA methylation (5mC and 5hmC). Under the tested conditions, ethanol had minimal effects on Authors' contributionsVichithra R.B. Liyanage: Conception and design, collection and assembly of data, data analysis and interpretation, manuscript writing, and final approval of manuscript. Robby M. Zachariah: Conception and design, collection and assembly of data, and final approval of manuscript. James R. Davie: Scientific input, manuscript revisions, and final approval of manuscript. Mojgan Rastegar: Conception and design, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, data analysis and interpretation, manuscript writing, and final approval of manuscript. Conflict of interest statement

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Withdrawal symptoms in infants with the fetalalcohol syndrome

Cited by 103 publications

References 10 publications

Neonatal Drug Withdrawal

Neonatal Drug Withdrawal

Prenatal Substance Abuse: Short- and Long-term Effects on the Exposed Fetus

Ethanol deregulates Mecp2/MeCP2 in differentiating neural stem cells via interplay between 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine at the Mecp2 regulatory elements

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