Withdrawal as pregnancy prevention and associated risk factors among US high school students: findings from the 2011 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey

Liddon, Nicole; Olsen, Emily O’Malley; Carter, Marion; Hatfield-Timajchy, Kendra

doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2015.08.015

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Importantly, the strong and statistically significant association between marijuana use and contraception non‐use was found in both the main and sex‐specific models. This finding is consistent with other studies that have identified marijuana use as a predictor of high sexual risk behaviors, such as multiple sexual partners, and contraception non‐use . Thamotharan et al found that in a national YRBS sample of both boys and girls, those with greater lifetime marijuana use had increased odds of engaging in sex, as well as reporting less condom use during sex .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The multiple health behavior change approach suggests that understanding patterns of risk behavior co‐occurrence is a necessary precursor to improved intervention development . Studies to date that have examined the co‐occurrence of risk behaviors in adolescents have largely focused on a limited number of behavioral domains (substance use and sexual activity factors) and few have considered sex differences in these behaviors . The limited scope of UP risk behaviors considered in previous studies has prevented the simultaneous consideration of a full range of risk behaviors that may co‐occur as well as account for confounding effects by multiple behaviors .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies to date that have examined the co‐occurrence of risk behaviors in adolescents have largely focused on a limited number of behavioral domains (substance use and sexual activity factors) and few have considered sex differences in these behaviors . The limited scope of UP risk behaviors considered in previous studies has prevented the simultaneous consideration of a full range of risk behaviors that may co‐occur as well as account for confounding effects by multiple behaviors . We propose to expand the range of determinants examined for contraception non‐use so that the relative contribution of a wide range of factors, and their role in contraception non‐use among adolescent boys and girls can be identified.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,14,15 Many of these high-risk behaviors co-occur among sexually active boys and girls resulting in complex interactions between behaviors and exposure that may influence reproductive health and well-being. 14,16,17 For example, depressive symptoms, substance use, and high-risk sexual activity have been shown to co-occur, 18 and experiences with violence may co-occur with risky sexual behaviors such as substance use and contraception non-use. [19][20][21] Furthermore, adolescents have particular high rates of contraception non-use 22 and report variations in risk behaviors between the sexes, with boys traditionally reporting more risk-taking behaviors than girls.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27,28 The limited scope of UP risk behaviors considered in previous studies has prevented the simultaneous consideration of a full range of risk behaviors that may co-occur as well as account for confounding effects by multiple behaviors. 18,20,26 We propose to expand the range of determinants examined for contraception non-use so that the relative contribution of a wide range of factors, and their role in contraception non-use among adolescent boys and girls can be identified.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Differences in Contraception Non‐Use Among Urban Adolescents: Risk Factors for Unintended Pregnancy

Casola

Nelson

Patterson

2017

Journal of School Health

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BACKGROUND Contraception non-use among sexually active adolescents is a major cause of unintended pregnancy (UP). METHODS In this cross-sectional study we sought to identify overall and sex-specific correlates of contraception non-use using the 2015 Philadelphia Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) (N = 9540). Multivariate regression models were used to examine mental health, sexual activity, substance use, and violence indicators on reported contraception non-use among sexually active youth. RESULTS Marijuana use among boys and girls was a statistically significant risk factor for contraception non-use. Availability of illegal drugs on school property in the past year was also significantly related to contraception non-use among boys. CONCLUSIONS These results may inform overall and sex-specific adolescent programs to promote consistent contraception use among urban youth within school-based communities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Differences in Contraception Non‐Use Among Urban Adolescents: Risk Factors for Unintended Pregnancy

Casola

Nelson

Patterson

2017

Journal of School Health

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Considerations in the Measurement and Reporting of Withdrawal: Findings from the 2018 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior

Hensel

Beckmeyer

et al. 2019

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Background. Although withdrawal use is routinely measured as part of contraceptive surveillance in the United States, its assessment may be prone to underreporting and measurement errors. Additionally, at the population level, little is known about subjective experiences of withdrawal. Aim. To measure respondents' frequency of and reasons for engaging in extra-vaginal ejaculation in the past year, and to compare contraceptive withdrawal versus extra-vaginal/anal ejaculation during the most recent sexual event. Methods. The 2018 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior is a U.S. nationally representative probability survey of adolescent and adults. This study was administered in February to March 2018 via GfK Research's KnowledgePanel. Respondents who reported consensual penile-vaginal intercourse in the past year were included in the analysis. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with finding extra-vaginal ejaculation sexy/arousing. Outcomes. Main outcomes were the frequency of and reasons for extra-vaginal ejaculation in the past year, as well as reported contraceptive withdrawal use and the location of ejaculation at the most recent penile-vaginal intercourse.Results. In the past year, approximately 60% of respondents reported engaging in any extravaginal ejaculation; pregnancy prevention and sexual pleasure were given as common reasons.Those who were men, White, or aged 25-29 were more likely to find extra-vaginal ejaculation sexy or arousing; no gender differences were observed in their partner's perception of this act.Prevalence of selecting withdrawal on the contraceptive inventory was 12.2% (95% CI: 10.6-14.0) at last sexual event while extra-vaginal/anal ejaculation was reported by 20.8% (95% CI: 18.7-23.0). This lack of concordance in differing measures was observed consistently across all age groups, and approximately 12-14% of individuals reported an ejaculation location that did not correspond to their withdrawal use.Clinical Translation. The results for this study have implications for how healthcare providers discuss withdrawal with their patients and counsel them on using extra-vaginal ejaculation as part of their contraceptive use or part of their sexual repertoire.Strengths & Limitations. This is the first nationally representative study to directly compare contraceptive withdrawal to extra-vaginal ejaculation. Limited data was collected at event-level regarding motivations for extra-vaginal ejaculation, pregnancy attitudes, perceptions of condoms and STI prevention, or exposure to erotic media, thus limiting further assessment of relationships between various factors and extra-vaginal/anal ejaculation. Conclusion.We found that reporting of withdrawal as a contraceptive method versus extravaginal/anal ejaculation was inconsistent and that extra-vaginal/anal ejaculation was commonly used for reasons other than pregnancy prevention; future research should utilize more precise measures of "withdrawal".

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Evaluation of the frequency of coitus interruptus and the effect of contraception counselling on this frequency

Demir

Özalp

Şal

et al. 2020

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

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Withdrawal as pregnancy prevention and associated risk factors among US high school students: findings from the 2011 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Sex Differences in Contraception Non‐Use Among Urban Adolescents: Risk Factors for Unintended Pregnancy

Sex Differences in Contraception Non‐Use Among Urban Adolescents: Risk Factors for Unintended Pregnancy

Considerations in the Measurement and Reporting of Withdrawal: Findings from the 2018 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior

Evaluation of the frequency of coitus interruptus and the effect of contraception counselling on this frequency

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