“…Therefore, because the sole owner-manager is typically responsible for making crucial business decisions, most enterprises' survival and growth depend on them (Frese, 2000; Murphy et al ., 2019). Furthermore, it is well known that the motivations behind a business are crucial for starting or continuing business operations (Hasan and Almubarak, 2016; Morris et al ., 2006; Wijewardena et al ., 2023). It is necessary to design effective programmes encouraging female entrepreneurs to understand women's motivations for starting their businesses.…”