With Risk of Reinfection, Is COVID-19 Here to Stay?

Jabbari, Parnian; Rezaei, Nima

doi:10.1017/dmp.2020.274

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Since December 2019, COVID-19 has been a resident of the world. Early efforts ranged from the development of diagnostic assays [80][81][82][83] and specific therapeutics [84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102] to optimizing health monitoring [103,104]. Despite this effort, in addition to our knowledge and experience from the recent outbreaks [105], it mainly relied on non-pharmacological interventions to control the pandemic, e.g., quarantine and social isolation [106,107].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their neonates

Mirbeyk

Saghazadeh

Rezaei

2021

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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Background In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China, with an incredible contagion rate. However, the vertical transmission of COVID-19 is uncertain. Objectives This is a systematic review of published studies concerning pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 and their neonates. Search strategy We carried out a systematic search in multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and WHO COVID-19 database using the following keywords: (Coronavirus) OR (novel coronavirus) OR (COVID-19) OR (COVID19) OR (COVID 19) OR (SARS-CoV2) OR (2019-nCoV)) and ((pregnancy) OR (pregnant) OR (vertical transmission) OR (neonate) OR (newborn) OR (placenta) OR (fetus) OR (Fetal)). The search took place in April 2020. Selection criteria Original articles published in English were eligible if they included pregnant patients infected with COVID-19 and their newborns. Data collection and analyses The outcomes of interest consisted of clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in pregnant patients with COVID-19 and also the effect of COVID-19 on neonatal and pregnancy outcomes. Main results 37 articles involving 364 pregnant women with COVID-19 and 302 neonates were included. The vast majority of pregnant patients were in their third trimester of pregnancy, and only 45 cases were in the first or second trimester (12.4%). Most mothers described mild to moderate manifestations of COVID-19. Of 364 pregnant women, 25 were asymptomatic at the time of admission. The most common symptoms were fever (62.4%) and cough (45.3%). Two maternal deaths occurred. Some pregnant patients (12.1%) had a negative SARS-CoV-2 test but displayed clinical manifestations and abnormalities in computed tomography (CT) scan related to COVID-19. Twenty-two (6.0%) pregnant patients developed severe pneumonia. Two maternal deaths occurred from severe pneumonia and multiple organ dysfunction. Studies included a total of 302 neonates from mothers with COVID-19. Of the studies that provided data on the timing of birth, there were 65 (23.6%) preterm neonates. One baby was born dead from a mother who also died from COVID-19. Of the babies born alive from mothers with COVID-19, five newborns faced critical conditions, and two later died. A total of 219 neonates underwent nasopharyngeal specimen collection for SARS-CoV-2, of which 11 tested positive (5%). Seventeen studies examined samples of the placenta, breast milk, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid, and all tested negative except one amniotic fluid sample. Conclusions A systematic review of published studies confirm that the course of COVID-19 in pregnant women resembles that of other populations. However, there is not sufficient evidence to establish an idea that COVID-19 would not complicate pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their neonates

Mirbeyk

Saghazadeh

Rezaei

2021

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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“…Nucleic acid tests and imaging techniques are used for the diagnosis. Serological tests have reasonable specificity and sensitivity and can also be used for diagnosis of a new infection, recent infection, and re-infection as well ( Jabbari and Rezaei, 2020 ). Public education for practicing hygiene and contact avoidance with infected patients, as well as isolation of the contaminated people, should be taken into consideration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 in Children

Aleebrahim-Dehkordi

Soveyzi

Deravi

et al. 2021

Journal of Pediatric Nursing

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The novel coronavirus, known as 2019-nCoV or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused an epidemic with high mortality and morbidity since December 2019, in Wuhan, China. The infection has now been transmitted to more than 210 countries worldwide and caused more than 200,000 deaths. Similar to other coronaviruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 appears to less commonly affect pediatrics and to cause less severe disease along with fewer symptoms compared to adults. Available data suggest that the pediatric population is just as likely as adults to become infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, they may be asymptotic or have milder symptoms than adults; they can be potential carriers of the disease. This article reviews the present understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric age group in comparison with MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV.

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“…The present review concluded that the adverse effects of isolation could be mitigated through health behaviors. Armed with the capacity to utilize the suggested methods, we can aim for a robust immune system and fight this battle ( Mohamed and Rezaei, 2020 ), which has persisted for a year now ( Jabbari and Rezaei, 2020 ). Pro-sensing biomaterials are of emerging interest that can accelerate the early immune responses ( Saghazadeh and Rezaei, 2021 ), while testing the clinical efficacy of a variety of ancient and modern therapies that selectively modulate inflammation remains under investigation ( Pezeshki and Rezaei, 2021 ; Zarandi et al, 2021 ; Palit et al, 2020 ; Peymani et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered immunoemotional regulatory system in COVID-19: From the origins to opportunities

Pourriyahi

Saghazadeh

Rezaei

2021

Journal of Neuroimmunology

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The emergence of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the worldwide spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have led to social regulations that caused substantial changes in daily life. The subsequent loneliness and concerns of the pandemic during social distancing, quarantine, and lockdown are psychosocial stressors that negatively affect the immune system. These effects occur through mechanisms controlled by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis that alter immune regulation, namely the conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA), which promotes inflammation and diminishes antiviral responses, leading to inadequate protection against viral disease. Unhealthy eating habits, physical inactivity, sleep disturbances, and mental health consequences of COVID-19 add to the pathological effects of loneliness, making immunity against this lethal virus an even tougher fight. Therefore, social isolation, with its unintended consequences, has inherently paradoxical effects on immunity in relation to viral disease. Though this paradox can present a challenge, its acknowledgment can serve as an opportunity to address the associated issues and find ways to mitigate the adverse effects. In this review, we aim to explore, in detail, the pathological effects of the new social norms on immunity and present suggested methods to improve our physical, psychological, and healthcare abilities to fight a viral infection in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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With Risk of Reinfection, Is COVID-19 Here to Stay?

Cited by 34 publications

References 5 publications

A systematic review of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their neonates

A systematic review of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their neonates

Human Coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 in Children

Altered immunoemotional regulatory system in COVID-19: From the origins to opportunities

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