Witchweed (<i>Striga hermonthica</i>) on rain‐grown pearl millet in nitrogen‐deficient sandy soil of the central Sudan

Tarr, S. A. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1961.tb03620.x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These findings suggest that combinations of a nitrogenous nutrient (nitrophoska) and herbicide (atrazine) are more effective in depressing the severity of striga attack, and in stimulating the yields of sorghum, than sole treatments of either N or herbicide. The positive response of sorghum head weight, plant height, 1000 grain weight and straw yield to applied nitrogen confirms the results of other experiments (Andrews, 1947;Last, 1960;Tarr, 1961), and the adverse effects of atrazine on striga shoot yield and density concur with the results of Hamdoun.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Nitrophoska and Atrazine on relations betweenSorghum bicolorandStriga hermonthica

Bebawi

Farah

1981

Ex. Agric.

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S U M M A R Y Nitrogen-atrazine combinations were significantly more effective in stimulating higher yield components of sorghum and depressing yield components of striga than sole treatments of either nitrogen or atrazine. Over all treatments nitrophoska at 129 kg N/ha in combination with atrazine at 1.75 kg/ha gave 224, 180, 155 and 151% increases in yield components over the control for head, straw, 1000 grain weights and plant height of sorghum, and a decrease in 83, 88 and 90% of striga density at 8, 12, and 16 weeks from sowing the sorghum. The synergistic effect of nitrogen-atrazine is demonstrated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Nitrophoska and Atrazine on relations betweenSorghum bicolorandStriga hermonthica

Bebawi

Farah

1981

Ex. Agric.

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“…I1 existe cependant une certaine controverse B ce sujet, qui semble due a la diversite des formes d'azote appliqukes, des doses utilisCes, des modes d'application et des types de sols cultivCs. Quelques chercheurs ont not6 qu'il n'y a pas ou peu d'effet apparent de l'azote sur le degrC d'infestation en S. hermonthica (Tarr 1961;Younis et Agabawi 1965;Bebawi et Abdelaziz 1983;SallC et al 1987). D'autres ont mCme observC une augmentation de l'infestation suite B l'apport d'engrais azotCs (Babiker et Reda 1991;Gworgwor et Weber 1991b;Osman et al 1991).…”

Section: Les Pratiques Culturalesunclassified

La relation entre le Striga hermonthica et ses hôtes: une synthèse

Olivier¹

1996

Can. J. Bot.

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R&sumC : La mauvaise herbe parasite Striga hermonthica inflige des pertes de rendement considCrables au mais, au mil et au sorgho en Afrique. L'importance des dommages subis par les cultures est liCe B leur interaction Ctroite avec le parasite. La graine de S. hermonthica germe en rCponse B des stimulants de germination exsudCs par les racines de cCrCales. L'extrCmitC de la radicule se differencie ensuite en un haustorium qui s'attache B une racine de l'hate et pCnbtre ses tissus. Une connexion est alors Ctablie entre les systbmes vasculaires des deux plantes, ce qui permet au parasite de s'approvisionner en eau, en ClCments minCraux et en composCs organiques nkcessaires B son dCveloppement. Le S. hermonthica affecte Cgalement le mCtabolisme et la photosynthkse de son hate. Aucune mCthode de lutte efficace n'est actuellement accessible au paysan africain. L'application de stimulants de germination et d'herbicides, la pratique de rotations et d'associations culturales, la lutte biologique et la sClection de cultivars n'ont donnC jusqu'i maintenant que des rCsultats imparfaits. Une meilleure comprChension des mCcanismes de rCsistance de l'hbte est nCcessaire pour dCvelopper de nouvelles mCthodes de lutte contre le parasite. Abstract:The parasitic weed Striga hermonthica causes considerable yield losses in maize, pearl millet, and sorghum in Africa. The extent of the damage caused to crops is related to their close interaction with the parasite. The S. hermonthica seed germinates in response to germination stimulants exuded by cereal roots. The rootlet extremity then turns into a haustorium that attaches itself to the host root and penetrates its tissue. In this manner, a connection is established between the vascular systems of both plants, allowing absorption of water, minerals, and organic compounds that are essential for the parasite's development. S. hermonthica also affects the host's metabolism and photosynthesis. No effective control method against the parasite is available for the African peasants. The utilization of germination stimulants and herbicides, the rotation practice, and intercropping as well as biological control and varietal selection have given disappointing results so far. A better understanding of host resistance mechanisms is necessary to develop new methods for the control of the parasite.

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“…In terms of host yield reductions, early parasitism wasmore of a factor than greater incidence of later parasitism. Others also found that an early witchweed attack was more injurious than a later attack (15,21). In the OX level, early witchweed grew significantly faster than late witchweed.…”

Section: Levels Of Mineral Nutrltionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Addition of fertilizers, particularly nitrogenous nutri-ents, often reduced the severity of Striga attack and increased yields of infested crops (1,6,15,21,23). Solomon (19) concluded that addition of dissolved nutrients to potted soil containing sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral Nutrition and the Parasite-Host Relationship of Witchweed

Egley¹

1971

Weed sci.

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The influence of mineral nutrition on the parasite-host relationship of witchweed (Striga luteaLour.) and sorghum (Sorghum vulgarePers. ‘Texas Bighead’) was investigated in greenhouse and growth chamber studies. Sorghum was grown in Eustis loamy sand, either infested or not infested with witchweed, and treated with one of three levels of mineral nutrients. Witchweed reduced host-shoot yields by about 70% at the low nutrient levels and by about 45% at the highest nutrient level. Witchweed produced seed at all nutrient levels, whereas the host produced seed at the highest level only. Increased nutrition also increased witchweed yields. Regardless of nutrient level, an early attack by witchweed was more destructive to the host than a late attack. Growth of witchweed in soil also was studied after the parasite was detached from the host or the host shoot was removed. When only the host shoot was removed, (a) witchweed growth was inhibited; (b) feeding of sucrose to witchweed did not restore parasite growth; (c) mineral nutrients were toxic to the parasite; and (d) high relative humidity around witchweed protected it from the nutrient toxicity. High relative humidity enhanced survival of the detached parasite but markedly inhibited growth of witchweed in the intact parasite-host relationship.

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Witchweed (Striga hermonthica) on rain‐grown pearl millet in nitrogen‐deficient sandy soil of the central Sudan

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Effects of Nitrophoska and Atrazine on relations betweenSorghum bicolorandStriga hermonthica

Effects of Nitrophoska and Atrazine on relations betweenSorghum bicolorandStriga hermonthica

La relation entre le Striga hermonthica et ses hôtes: une synthèse

Mineral Nutrition and the Parasite-Host Relationship of Witchweed

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