Wistar Kyoto rats have impaired gastric accommodation compared to Sprague Dawley rats due to increased gastric vagal cholinergic tone

Nielsen, Maria Astin; Bayati, A.; Mattsson, Hillevi

doi:10.1080/00365520500483215

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Outcomes in studies that have investigated the role of cholinergic pathways in gastric motility and accommodation are, however, not consistent. In Sprague-Dawley rats, atropine had no effect on gastric volume response (29). In dogs, gastric motility was decreased upon cholinergic blocking (7).…”

Section: G124 Pancreatic Polypeptide and Gastric Motility In Ratsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Effect of pancreatic polypeptide on gastric accommodation and gastric emptying in conscious rats

Verschueren

Janssen

Oudenhove

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Verschueren S, Janssen P, Van Oudenhove L, Hultin L, Tack J. Effect of pancreatic polypeptide on gastric accommodation and gastric emptying in conscious rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 307: G122-G128, 2014. First published April 17, 2014 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00043.2014 is an anorexigenic hormone released from pancreatic F cells upon food intake. We aimed to determine the effect of PP on gastric accommodation and gastric emptying in conscious Wistar HAN rats to investigate whether effects on motor function could contribute to its anorexigenic effects. Intragastric pressure (IGP) was measured through a chronically implanted gastric fistula during the infusion of a nutrient meal (Nutridrink; 0.5 ml/min). Rats were treated with PP (0, 33 and 100 pmol·kg Ϫ1 ·min Ϫ1 ) in combination with N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 180 mg·kg Ϫ1 ·h Ϫ1 ), atropine (3 mg·kg Ϫ1 ·h Ϫ1 ), or vehicle. Furthermore, the effect of PP was tested after subdiaphragmal vagotomy of the stomach. Gastric emptying of a noncaloric and a caloric meal after treatment with 100 pmol·kg Ϫ1 ·min Ϫ1 PP or vehicle was compared using X-rays. PP significantly increased IGP during nutrient infusion compared with vehicle (P Ͻ 0.01). L-NAME and atropine significantly increased IGP during nutrient infusion compared with vehicle treatment (P Ͻ 0.005 and 0.01, respectively). The effect of PP on IGP during nutrient infusion was abolished in the presence of L-NAME and in the presence of atropine. In vagotomized rats, PP increased IGP compared with intact controls (P Ͻ 0.05). PP significantly delayed gastric emptying of both a noncaloric (P Ͻ 0.05) and a caloric (P Ͻ 0.005) meal. PP inhibits gastric accommodation and delays gastric emptying, probably through inhibition of nitric oxide release. These results indicate that, besides the well-known centrally mediated effects, PP might decrease food intake through peripheral mechanisms. gastric pressure; nutrient tolerance; nitric oxide; vagus nerve BETWEEN MEALS, GASTRIC SMOOTH muscle maintains a high resting tone because of the myoelectrical properties of the smooth muscle but also because of a constant cholinergic input from the vagal nerves. The stomach is known to relax upon food intake. This reflex relaxation, also referred to as gastric accommodation (GA), enables the stomach to receive large quantities of food without an increase in intragastric pressure (IGP) (35). Relaxation of the stomach upon food intake is mediated via vago-vagal reflex pathways, eventually leading to activation of mainly nitrergic nerves in the enteric nervous system (38). Nitric oxide (NO) finally relaxes the smooth muscle cells, and the gastric tone decreases (19).We recently described a method to assess GA in rats by measuring the IGP during intragastric infusion of a liquid test meal (15). During infusion of a test meal, IGP increased initially until an inflection point was reached, after which the IGP stabilized despite further gastric distension. It was suggested that this inflection point represents the onset of...

show abstract

Section: G124 Pancreatic Polypeptide and Gastric Motility In Ratsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Effect of pancreatic polypeptide on gastric accommodation and gastric emptying in conscious rats

Verschueren

Janssen

Oudenhove

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, WKY rats exhibit altered neuroendocrine stress responses, including increased plasma corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, which resemble abnormalities that are common in depressed patients (Solberg et al, 2001; Pardon et al, 2002; Rittenhouse et al, 2002; De La Garza and Mahoney, 2004). WKY rats also display impaired gastric accommodation and visceral hypersensitivity, likely due to their exaggerated response to stress (Gunter et al, 2000; Nielsen et al, 2006). Visceral hypersensitivity is one of the main characteristics of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and persistence and severity of IBS symptoms is strongly related to stress responsivity (Spiller, 2004; Gibney et al, 2010; O'Mahony et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learned helplessness and social avoidance in the Wistar-Kyoto rat

Nam

Clinton

Jackson

et al. 2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat is an established depression model characterized by elevated anxiety- and depression-like behavior across a variety of tests. Here we further characterized specific behavioral and functional domains relevant to depression that are altered in WKY rats. Moreover, since early-life experience potently shapes emotional behavior, we also determined whether aspects of WKYs' phenotype were modifiable by early-life factors using neonatal handling or maternal separation. We first compared WKYs' behavior to that of Sprague–Dawley (SD), Wistar, and Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR) rats in: the open field test, elevated plus maze, novelty-suppressed feeding test, a social interaction test, and the forced swim test (FST). WKYs exhibited high baseline immobility in the FST and were the only strain to show increased immobility on FST Day 2 vs. Day 1 (an indicator of learned helplessness). WKYs also showed greater social avoidance, along with enlarged adrenal glands and hearts relative to other strains. We next tested whether neonatal handling or early-life maternal separation stress influenced WKYs' behavior. Neither manipulation affected their anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, likely due to a strong genetic underpinning of their phenotype. Our findings indicate that WKY rats are a useful model that captures specific functional domains relevant to clinical depression including: psychomotor retardation, behavioral inhibition, learned helplessness, social withdrawal, and physiological dysfunction. WKY rats appear to be resistant to early-life manipulations (i.e., neonatal handling) that are therapeutic in other strains, and may be a useful model for the development of personalized anti-depressant therapies for treatment resistant depression.

show abstract

“…Indeed, WKY rats appear to be particularly susceptible to stressful stimuli, manifested as stress-induced gastric ulcer and stress-evoked intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction (Paré 1990, Saunders et al 1997. WKY rats also display impaired gastric accommodation and visceral hypersensitivity in response to colorectal distension, perhaps due to high responsiveness to stress (Gunter et al 2000, Nielsen et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High gastrin cell activity and low ghrelin cell activity in high-anxiety Wistar Kyoto rats

Sand¹,

Sundqvist²,

Håkanson³

et al. 2007

Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ghrelin is produced by gastric A-like cells and released in response to food deprivation. Interestingly, psychological stress also raises circulating ghrelin levels. This study compared plasma ghrelin levels in Sprague-Dawley (SPD) rats and high-anxiety Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. The two strains were also compared with respect to plasma gastrin, a gastric hormone with a pre-and postprandial release pattern opposite to that of ghrelin, and to the activity of the gastrindependent, histamine-forming ECL cells in the gastric mucosa. The rats were killed after being freely fed or after an over-night fast. The stomachs were weighed and tissue samples were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. Plasma ghrelin and gastrin levels were determined by RIA. While fasted SPD rats had higher plasma ghrelin levels than fasted WKY rats (P!0 . 001), plasma ghrelin did not differ between freely fed rats of the two strains. Gastrin levels were higher in fed WKY rats than in fed SPD rats (P! 0 . 001). Despite the higher plasma gastrin level, the oxyntic mucosal histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity (a marker of ECL-cell activity) in fed rats and the mucosal thickness did not differ between the two strains. In a subsequent study, rats were subjected to water-avoidance stress for 60 min, causing plasma gastrin to increase in WKY rats (P!0 . 001) but not in SPD rats. In conclusion, high-anxiety WKY rats had lower circulating ghrelin and higher gastrin than SPD rats in both the fasted and fed state, while the ECL-cell activity (HDC activity) was only moderately affected.

show abstract

Wistar Kyoto rats have impaired gastric accommodation compared to Sprague Dawley rats due to increased gastric vagal cholinergic tone

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of pancreatic polypeptide on gastric accommodation and gastric emptying in conscious rats

Effect of pancreatic polypeptide on gastric accommodation and gastric emptying in conscious rats

Learned helplessness and social avoidance in the Wistar-Kyoto rat

High gastrin cell activity and low ghrelin cell activity in high-anxiety Wistar Kyoto rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About