Wistar and Sprague–Dawley rats

McInnes, Elizabeth F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3519-7.00002-4

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Tables S1 and S2) was created based on the changes observed in the initial screen, in combination with a review of lesions *References 4, 7, 11, 24, 27, 31, 34, 35, 44. commonly described in the respiratory tract of laboratory rats. 3,9,32,36,38,43 Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined for each lesion to enhance objectivity. Stringent binary classification schemata were used to accurately and conservatively evaluate the presence and apparent prevalence of microscopic abnormalities in this sample of rats.…”

Section: Lesion Categorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Pathology and Pathogens in Wild Urban Rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus)

Rothenburger

Himsworth

Clifford³

et al. 2015

Vet Pathol

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Norway (Rattus norvegicus) and black rats (Rattus rattus) are common peridomestic species, yet little is known about wild rat ecology, including their natural diseases. We describe gross and histological lesions in the respiratory tract of a sample of 711 wild urban rats. A subset was examined for 19 distinct categories of histological lesions in the respiratory tract. Testing for known respiratory pathogens included serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of lung samples. Grossly evident lesions were rare (8/711; 1%). Upper respiratory tract inflammation was present in 93 of 107 (87%) rats and included rhinitis, submucosal and periglandular lymphoplasmacytic tracheitis, and/or tracheal intraluminal necrotic debris and was significantly associated (P < .05) with the presence of cilia-associated respiratory bacillus (CARB), Mycoplasma pulmonis, and increased body mass (odds ratio [OR] ¼ 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] ¼ 1.05-1.14 per 10 g). Within the lungs, peribronchiolar and/or perivascular lymphoplasmacytic cuffs were present in 152 of 199 rats (76%) and were also significantly associated (P .02) with CARB, M. pulmonis, and increased body mass (OR ¼ 1.20; 95% CI ¼ 1.14-1.27 per 10 g). Rats were frequently coinfected with M. pulmonis and CARB, and lesions associated with these pathogens were histologically indistinguishable. Pneumocystis sp was detected in 48 of 102 (47%) rats using PCR but was not significantly associated with lesions. This description of pathology in the respiratory system of wild rats demonstrates that respiratory disease is common. Although the impact of these lesions on individual and population health remains to be investigated, respiratory disease may be an important contributor to wild rat morbidity and mortality.Keywords cilia-associated respiratory bacillus; lung; Mycoplasma pulmonis, pathology; Pneumocystis; rats; Rattus norvegicus; Rattus rattus; respiratory diseases; wild Norway and black rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus) are cosmopolitan peridomestic species that are well adapted to living in urban habitats.12 Negative impacts of rats on human society range from economic losses through agricultural crop destruction to zoonotic diseases. 12,13,22 Even though rats have lived in cities with people for centuries, many details of urban rat ecology remain unexplored. Specifically, little is known about the causes of natural morbidity and mortality in rats.The life span of wild urban rats is considerably shorter than that of laboratory rats, with few individuals living beyond 1 year of age.12 Conversely, laboratory rats live up to 3 years. 43Factors contributing to the rapid population turnover among wild rats are unclear. Due to the high fecundity of rats, predation and human rat control activities, including trapping and poisoning, have limited effects on population size. 12 Mortality associated with resource competition does not explain why mature rats die, since they would be expected to outcompete juvenile rats.12 Natural disease may be a key component to

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Section: Lesion Categorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Pathology and Pathogens in Wild Urban Rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus)

Rothenburger

Himsworth

Clifford³

et al. 2015

Vet Pathol

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“…These findings share some features with background acinar atrophy but, in this case, the islets were not spared, the inflammatory response was more severe, and the controls did not demonstrate a background change of acinar atrophy (McInnes 2012a). Islet hemorrhage and fibrosis has been reported as a background finding in older male SD rats that is similar morphologically to the peri-islet findings in this case (Imaoka et al 2007).…”

Section: A Puzzling Pancreatic Problemmentioning

confidence: 55%

Proceedings of the 2014 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium

et al. 2014

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The 2014 annual National Toxicology Program (NTP) Satellite Symposium, entitled “Pathology Potpourri” was held in Washington DC, in advance of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology’s 33rd annual meeting. The goal of this annual NTP Symposium is to present current diagnostic pathology or nomenclature issues to the toxicologic pathology community. This article presents summaries of the speakers’ presentations, including diagnostic or nomenclature issues that were presented, along with select images that were used for audience voting and discussion. Some lesions and topics covered during the symposium included a pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma in a male B6C3F1 mouse; plexiform vasculopathy in Wistar Han rats; staging of the estrous cycle in rats and mice; peri-islet fibrosis, hemorrhage, lobular atrophy and inflammation in male Sprague Dawley rats; retinal dysplasia in Wistar Han rats and B6C3F1 mice; multicentric lymphoma with intravascular microemboli and tumor lysis syndrome, and two cases of myopathy and vascular anomaly in Tg.rasH2 mice; benign thymomas in Wistar Han rats; angiomatous lesions in the mesenteric lymph nodes of Wistar Han rats; an unusual foveal lesion in a cynomolgous monkey; and finally a series of nomenclatures challenges from the endocrine International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND) organ working group (OWG).

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“…Therefore, these results indicated the pancreatic vacuolation was induced by the test substance and considered to be the target organ in this study. Apart from the histopathological lesion described above, other histopathological findings were sporadic, not dose-dependent, and attributable to spontaneous lesions in SD rats of the age used in the study (16) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

A Study on Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity of 1-Chloropropane

Chung¹,

Han²,

Lee³

2015

Toxicological Research

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This study was conducted to measure toxicity of 1-chloropropane (CAS No. : 540-54-5). According to the OECD Test Guideline 413 (Subchronic inhalation toxicity: 90-day study), SD rats were exposed to 0, 310, 1,250, and 5,000 ppm of 1-chloropropane for 6 h/day, 5 day/week for 13 weeks via whole-body inhalation. Mortality, clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, motor activity, ophthalmoscopy, hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, organ weights, gross and histopathological findings were compared between control and all tested groups. No mortality or remarkable clinical signs were examined during the study. No gross lesions or adverse effects on body weight, food consumption, motor activity, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, organ weights were observed in any of male or female rats in all tested groups. In serum biochemistry, glucose was significantly decreased in males of 1,250 and 5,000 ppm groups compared to control group in dose-dependent relationship. In histopathological examination, vacuolation of acinar cells was observed in pancreas of all male and female groups exposed to 1-chloropropane. In conclusion, no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be below 310 ppm/6 h/day, 5 day/week for rats.

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Wistar and Sprague–Dawley rats

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Respiratory Pathology and Pathogens in Wild Urban Rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus)

Respiratory Pathology and Pathogens in Wild Urban Rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus)

Proceedings of the 2014 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium

A Study on Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity of 1-Chloropropane

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