“…These devices capture transmissions of wireless devices or activities of interference sources in their vicinity and store the information in trace files, which can be analyzed distributively or at a central location. Wireless monitoring [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] has been shown to comple-ment wire side monitoring using SNMP and basestation logs since it reveals detailed PHY (e.g., signal strength, spectrum density) and MAC behaviors (e.g, collision, retransmissions), as well as timing information (e.g., backoff time), which are often essential for wireless diagnosis. The architecture of a canonical monitoring system consists of three components: 1) sniffer hardware, 2) sniffer coordination and data collection, and 3) data processing and mining.…”