Wisdom in Context

Grossmann, Igor

doi:10.1177/1745691616672066

Cited by 253 publications

(281 citation statements)

References 229 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

247

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The reflective component was the most powered wisdom factor to explain well-being across both subsamples, and it was significantly related to all psychological health-related variables when controlling the other wisdom components. This is congruent with the idea that an ego-decentred mindset enables wise thinking and behavior regarding personally meaningful issues (Grossmann, 2017). It therefore reinforces the idea of the reflective component as the core dimension of wisdom from which the other wisdom components may be developed (Ardelt, 2003; Thomas et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Exploring the Wisdom Structure: Validation of the Spanish New Short Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS) and Its Explanatory Power on Psychological Health-Related Variables

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Personal wisdom has demonstrated important implications for the health of individuals. The aim of the present study was to validate a Spanish version of the Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS), exploring the structure of a possible general factor, and assessing its explanatory power on psychological health-related variables.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used, with a total sample of 624 Spanish participants recruited on the Internet and randomly split into two halves. The following instruments were applied: 3D-WS, Purpose in Life (PIL), Multidimensional State Boredom Scale (MSBS), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Factorial structures were analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA), and the general factor was characterized by using bifactor models. The explanatory power of the 3D-WS was established by multiple regression.Results: The original long and short versions of the 3D-WS were not replicated in the first subsample using EFA, and there was a high rate of cross-loadings. Thus, a new short 3D-WS was proposed by ordering the original items according to factorial weights. This three-correlated-factor (reflective, cognitive, and affective) proposal was tested by means of CFA in the second subsample, with adequate psychometrics and invariance, and a good fit (χ2/df = 1.98; CFI = 0.946; RMSEA = 0.056; 90% CI = 0.040-0.072). A bifactor structure, in which the reflective trait of wisdom was integrated into a general factor (G-Reflective) improved the model fit (χ2/df = 1.85; CFI = 0.959; RMSEA = 0.052; 90% CI = 0.035-0.070). The explained common variance of G-Reflective was 0.53; therefore, the new short 3D-WS should not be considered essentially unidimensional. The new short 3D-WS showed positive relationships with the PIL and PANAS-positive, and negative associations with the MSBS, PANAS-negative and DERS, contributing to explain all the referred variables. These results were consistent across subsamples.Conclusion: The new short 3D-WS appears to be a reliable instrument for measuring wisdom in the Spanish general population. The reflective facet might influence the cognitive and affective wisdom components through the G-Reflective general factor. There seems to be a high explanatory power of the 3D-WS on psychological health-related variables. This study will facilitate the development of future research and psychological knowledge regarding wisdom.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Exploring the Wisdom Structure: Validation of the Spanish New Short Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS) and Its Explanatory Power on Psychological Health-Related Variables

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Drawing from prior research on wise reasoning (Staudinger & Glück, 2011;Grossmann et al, 2010;Grossmann & Kross, 2014), we assessed participants' selfreported endorsement of wise reasoning using a 19-item scale (see Table S2 in SOM-R for items; adapted from . The scale was designed to assess distinctive subcomponents of wise reasoning across the psychological literature, as well as capture the overall cognitive framework of wise reasoning (Grossmann, 2017). Specifically, the scale measures five distinctive subcomponents of wise reasoning: i. considering others' perspectives (e.g., "making an effort to take the other person's perspective"); ii.…”

Section: Pursuit Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Wisdom in Virtue: Pursuit of Virtue Predicts Wise Reasoning About Personal Conflicts

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most people can reason relatively wisely about others' social conflicts, but often struggle to do so about their own (i.e., Solomon's Paradox; Grossmann & Kross, 2014). We suggest that true wisdom should involve the ability to reason wisely about others' and one's own social conflicts.The present studies investigate the pursuit of virtue as a construct that predicts this broader capacity for wisdom. Results across two studies support prior Solomon's Paradox findings: participants (N = 623) expressed greater wisdom (e.g., intellectual humility, adopting outsider's perspectives) about others' social conflicts than their own. The pursuit of virtue (e.g., pursuing personal ideals and contributing to others) moderated these results. In both studies, high virtue pursuit was associated with a greater endorsement of wise reasoning strategies for one's own personal conflicts, reducing the discrepancy in wise reasoning between one's own and others' social conflicts. Implications and mechanisms are explored and discussed. Wisdom and Virtue. In accordance with philosophers who spoke of wisdom and virtue as inextricably linked, researchers acknowledge that virtuous motives are a central component of wisdom (e.g., Baltes & Staudinger, 2000). In the psychological literature, wisdom and virtue are often juxtaposed, with both being said to encourage greater empathy, selflessness, and compassion (Le, 2011;Dambrun & Ricard, 2011). Yet, despite the two concepts often being discussed together, little has been done to explore exactly how virtue may be related to wisdom.Contemporary operationalizations of wisdom suggest it is comprised of multiple subcomponents (e.g., intellectual humility, perspective-taking, search for compromise; recognition of change; Grossmann et al., 2010). In limited work thus far, research suggests that virtue may be able to promote several of wisdom's subcomponents. For example, those who expressed virtuous motives-defined as a desire to act beyond personal interests and develop the best in oneself-were also more likely to minimize self-focus (Huta & Ryan, 2010), and express greater growth and insight after difficult life experiences (Bauer, McAdams & Pals, 2008).Further, research by Kunzmann & Baltes (2003) found that wisdom-related knowledge is positively associated with the importance of personal growth and the well-being of others. These findings suggest that pursuing virtue reduces a focus on egocentric views, and increases the value of others' unique experiences and perspectives, both central tenets of wise reasoning (Grossmann, Na, Varnum, Kitayama, & Nisbett, 2013). If this is true, then pursuing virtue should encourage the recognition that one's personal perspectives may not be enough to fully understand a conflict, promoting wisdom about one's own conflicts as well as others'.Research Overview. The first goal of the present studies was to replicate Solomon's Paradox, demonstrating that people tend to reason more wisely about others' conflicts than their own. Our second goal was to test our...

show abstract

“…As we explain later (see also Grossmann, 2017), this feature distinguishes phronesis as practical wisdom from the global decontextualised wisdom construct that typically features in psychological research. Moreover, there is a constructivist undercurrent in the phronesis concept, which may appeal to many current developmental psychologists (see e.g.…”

Section: Aristotelian Moral Developmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A notable exception here, however, is the recent Situated WiseReasoning Scale, developed by Brienza, Kung, Santos, Bobocel, and Grossman (2017). The Situated Wise-Reasoning Scale operationalises the elements of wise reasoning, by shifting from global, decontextualised reports to state level reports about concrete situations (see also Grossmann, 2017).…”

Section: A Four-component Model Of Phronesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Phronesis and the Knowledge-Action Gap in Moral Psychology and Moral Education: A New Synthesis?

Darnell¹,

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article has two aims. First, to offer a critical review of the literatures on two well-known single-component solutions to the problem of a gap between moral knowledge and moral action: moral identity and moral emotions. Second, to take seriously the rising interest in Aristotle-inspired virtue ethics and character development within the social sciences: approaches that seem to assume that the development of phronesis (practical wisdom) bridges the gap in question. Since phronesis is a multicomponent construct, the latter part of this article offers an overview of what those different components would be, as a necessary precursor to operationalising them if the phronesis hypothesis were to be subjected to empirical scrutiny. The idea of a neo-Aristotelian multicomponent solution to the “gappiness problem” invites comparisons with another multicomponent candidate, the neo-Kohlbergian four-component model, with which it shares at least surface similarities. Some space is thus devoted to the proposed theoretical uniqueness of a phronesis-based multicomponent model vis-à-vis the neo-Kohlbergian one. Our main conclusion is that – weaknesses in its developmental psychological grounding notwithstanding – operationalising the phronesis model for the purposes of instrument design and empirical inquiry would be a feasible and potentially productive enterprise.

show abstract

Wisdom in Context

Cited by 253 publications

References 229 publications

Exploring the Wisdom Structure: Validation of the Spanish New Short Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS) and Its Explanatory Power on Psychological Health-Related Variables

Exploring the Wisdom Structure: Validation of the Spanish New Short Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS) and Its Explanatory Power on Psychological Health-Related Variables

The Wisdom in Virtue: Pursuit of Virtue Predicts Wise Reasoning About Personal Conflicts

Phronesis and the Knowledge-Action Gap in Moral Psychology and Moral Education: A New Synthesis?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About