Research regarding commercial and free wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)
INTRODUCTIONResearchers suggest that advanced information technology and telecommunications infrastructures are requirements for active participation in today's global information economy (Cairncross, 2001;Kelly, 1998). One of the most important components in accelerating such active participation is high-speed broadband technology. The U. S. Technology Administration & Office of Technology Policy (2002) noted that most experts predict broadband access will enable the creation of new applications and services that will transform economies and significantly impact the competitiveness of the businesses of the future. More importantly, wireless Internet access has entered the mainstream of the United States and other industrialized countries. As a result, broadband access to the Internet has increased and become more available to the general population. A wireless network uses radio waves as its carrier to establish broadband network connections to the Internet for users within a coverage area. Wi-Fi (Bianchi, 2000).Devices such as laptop computers and personal digital assistants (PDAs) enabled with Wi-Fi can send information to and receive it from the Internet anywhere within the range of an access point. Omni directional Wi-Fi access points are currently capable of transmitting signals up to 300 feet at up to 54 megabits per second.Because a broadband Internet connection is seen as a facilitator for electronic commerce, eGovernment, eLearning, telemedicine, telecommuting, and overall economic prosperity, organizations and governments have supported its deployment and development by promoting the establishment of free public "hot spots" for citizen use, while businesses have created commercial public hot spots for subscription fees. For example, the early free Wi-Fi public hot spots were championed by technology enthusiasts, such as, among others, Anthony Townsend-professor of geographic information systems at New York University and cofounder and advisory board member of NYCwireless, a non-profit organization that promotes community broadband initiatives using an unlicensed wireless spectrum-who pioneered the early deployment of free Wi-Fi public hot spots in Bryant Park, Manhattan in 2002. In May 2003, the Alliance for Downtown New York City launched the Lower Manhattan Wireless Network, a collection of free wireless public hotspots in seven large and widely used locations throughout Lower Manhattan. In recent years, other players have joined in the deployment of free Wi-Fi public hot spots, hoping to reduce the digital divide and spur economic activities.Research regarding both commercial and free Wi-Fi Internet access acceptance is sketchy; therefore, it has become imperative to understand the critical factors that affect the user acceptance of Wi-Fi public hot spots. The focus of this study is on free Wi-Fi public hot spot users, with the objective to better understand factors influencing their current use and future use intentions...