Wireless Telemetering from the Digestive Tract

Connell, Alastair M.; Rowlands, E. N.

doi:10.1136/gut.1.3.266

Cited by 55 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Using this single dose technique the markers used have included bismuth (Hertz et al, 1907), coloured dyes (Mulinos, 1935), barium (Wallace et al, 1938), glass beads (Alvarez and Freedlander, 1924), various seeds, gravel, steel ball bearings and silver wire (Hoelzel, 1930), millet (Burnett, 1923), radioactive chromic oxide and sodium chromate (Hansky and Connell, 1962), and the radio pill (Connell and Rowlands, 1960). A review of the data in these studies shows a wide range of values for normal people of one to five days with the majority passing the marker in three days.…”

Section: Requirements Of a New Methods For Measuring Transitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the mean transit time of dietary residue through the human gut.

Jenkins¹,

Wiggins²

1976

Gut

265

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SUMMARY A new method is described for measuring the mean transit time (MTT) of digesta through the human gut in which a constant amount of marker (radio-opaque pellets) is fed to subjects with each meal over a period of weeks, and its excretion measured in the stools. The MTT measured by this method (MTT-C) has been compared with MTT measured by giving single doses of similar markers to the same subjects (MTT-S) and with the 800% transit time (80% TT). Mean values on three dietary regimes for the MTT-C (54 2 h + 2'5) and MTT-S (54-2 h + 2.6) were lower than that for 80 % TT (63 1 h + 3 0). The average MTT-C in a group of six healthy young men on an ad libitum diet was 2-3 days (range 0 7-4 0). When additional dietary fibre was added to a standard diet the average MTT-C fell (in all of five subjects) from 2-4 to 1 6 days. A continuous record of MTT-C is obtained by this new method which shows wide variations from week to week even on controlled dietary intakes. Using the single dose technique, evidence is produced which suggests that the MTT-S is a more accurate and reproducible method than the 80 % TT.The length of time that dietary residue remains in the colon is important in determining colonic metabolism. It is thought to be one of the factors which affects the occurrence of large bowel cancer (Burkitt, 1971) and may be relevant to the extent to which the gut microflora metabolize foreign organic compounds (Scheline, 1973) and dietary fibre (Southgate, 1973). It is also important in calculating the dose of radiation received from ingested radioactive material (Eve, 1966 Received for publication 4 December 1975 We have measured the mean transit time (MTT) of dietary residue through the gut by giving a constant number of radio-opaque pellets each day to healthy volunteers continuously over a number of weeks (MTT-C) and also by giving single doses of pellets (MTT-S) and recording the amount excreted daily in the stool. These data have been compared with that of the 80% transit time (80% TT) using the method of Hinton et al. (1969). The efficacy of these methods in detecting changes in transit due to diets high or low in dietary fibre has been observed. Methods SUBJECTSTwelve healthy male subjects aged from 22-32 years who were either medical students or members of staff took part in 23 studies. The protocol was fully explained to each subject and had been approved by the ethical committee of the Central Middlesex Hospital. MARKERSFor the continuous marker studies the marker used was radio-opaque barium sulphate impregnated polyethylene pellets (Portex Ltd.) which were approximately cube shaped, specific gravity 1 25, and mean weight 31 mg. They were treated with a 210 on 29 April 2019 by guest. Protected by copyright.

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Section: Requirements Of a New Methods For Measuring Transitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the mean transit time of dietary residue through the human gut.

Jenkins¹,

Wiggins²

1976

Gut

265

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A number of authors have described methods in which a single dose of marker is given, such as coloured glass beads (Alvarez and Freedlander, 1924), carmine (Mulinos, 1935), seeds, cotton, ball-bearings (Burnett, 1923;Hoelzel, 1930), radio-isotopes (Hansky and Connell, 1962), radio-opaque polyethylene pellets (Hinton et al, 1969), a radiotelemetering capsule (Connell and Rowlands, 1960;Holdstock and Misiewicz, 1970) or a radio-isotope capsule (Rosswick et al, 1967;Kirwan and Smith, 1974) and transit calculated from the appearance of the marker on x-ray or in successive stools. These methods require either the collection of faeces for five to seven days or repeated x-rays of the subject and at best give a valid measurement of only the mean value for a group (Cummings, et al, 1975).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transit through the gut measured by analysis of a single stool.

Cummings¹,

Wiggins²

1976

Gut

121

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SUMMARY A method is described for measuring transit time through the gut which requires the collection of only one stool. A dose of 20 radio-opaque markers is given to the subject on each of three consecutive days with breakfast, each dose of marker being of a different type. The first stool passed after rising on the fourth day is collected and its marker content analysed. The method has been validated in 15 subjects by comparing it on 36 occasions with mean transit time measured by a continuous marker technique (MTT-C). In 35 of these studies transit measured from a single stool (SST) and MTT-C were significantly correlated R = 0-78 P < 0 001. In one study the designated stool contained none of the SST markers. An alternative way of validating the SST method is described by comparing it with the average of the three mean transit times from three separate doses of marker (MTT-S). The average MTT-S agreed very closely with MTT-C in 36 studies R = 0 94 p < 0 001 and proved a satisfactory alternative method for validating transit techniques. In a total of 66 studies in 22 subjects average MTT-S correlated significantly with SST, R = 0'85 P < 0 001.

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“…These limitations although sometimes exaggerated are real and must be accepted. The introduction of the radiopill goes some way towards overcoming them (Connell and Rowlands, 1960).…”

Section: Sphincter At the Oesophagogastric Junctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms protecting against gastro-oesophageal reflux: a review

Atkinson¹

1962

Gut

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Wireless Telemetering from the Digestive Tract

Cited by 55 publications

References 4 publications

Measurement of the mean transit time of dietary residue through the human gut.

Measurement of the mean transit time of dietary residue through the human gut.

Transit through the gut measured by analysis of a single stool.

Mechanisms protecting against gastro-oesophageal reflux: a review

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