Wireless Protocol Design for a Cooperative Pedestrian Protection System

Lill, Dirk; Schappacher, Manuel; Islam, Shahidul; Sikora, Axel

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-19786-4_11

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This way, the vehicle may connect to more than 75 objects. In fact, it was shown that the OBU may connect to more than 190 different objects without being dominated by data collisions [6].…”

Section: A Protocol For the Dynamic Ad Hoc Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distance and angle measurements as well as the data communication are organized in a three-phase cycle that repeats every T c = 10 ms [6]. To ensure non-overlapping beacons, every vehicle is starts its measurement cycle at a different start time ( fig.…”

Section: A Protocol For the Dynamic Ad Hoc Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, data bursts are encoded with a vehicle-specific orthogonal code (CDMA). A measurement cycle of a vehicle consists of a TOF-phase, AOA/DATA-phase, and a management/contention-phase with a total length of 10 ms. For the purpose of synchronization, the slotted measurement phases are started with a beacon dedicated to every active transponder in the current measurement cycle [6]. The management phase is used to make connections with new transponders, to negotiate the time slots for the TOF measurement phase, and to change the priority p of a transponder [6].…”

Section: A Protocol For the Dynamic Ad Hoc Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensor resource management with cooperative sensors for preventive vehicle safety applications

Kloeden

Damak

Rasshofer

et al. 2013

2013 Workshop on Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF)

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Preventive vehicle safety applications require a reliable detection, classification, and localization of objects in the vehicle's surroundings. This is typically achieved by combining object detections of multiple local perception sensors, such as camera, radar, or lidar. However, to enable the detection of occluded objects as well as to improve the reliability of object classification, the principle of cooperative sensors has been recently proposed. The sensor principle uses a communication signal for object classification and localization. Therefore, in contrast to typical perception sensors, a fusion system including a cooperative sensor system requires a strategy to schedule the measurements of different objetcs considering a limited communication capacity. In this paper, we propose an information based approach for sensor resource management suited for cooperative sensor systems in vehicular applications. We will apply the strategy to a pedestrian perception system and analyze the behavior in different critical traffic situations in comparison to other possible approaches. Finally, we will use real world measurement data gathered with a prototype sensor at 5.9 GHz to justify the theoretical results.

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Section: A Protocol For the Dynamic Ad Hoc Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Protocol For the Dynamic Ad Hoc Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Protocol For the Dynamic Ad Hoc Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sensor resource management with cooperative sensors for preventive vehicle safety applications

Kloeden

Damak

Rasshofer

et al. 2013

2013 Workshop on Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF)

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“…One early example of active detection appears in [8]. In this work, the authors propose the use of tags carried by VRUs that have the ability to connect to other VRUs and vehicles' OBUs.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of Vulnerable Road Users using Hybrid Vehicular Networks

Molina

Ronelov

Boustedt

et al. 2022

2022 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES)

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The use of reactive detection technologies such as passive and active sensors for avoiding car accidents involving pedestrians and other Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) is one of the cornerstones of Cooperative, Connected, and Automated Mobility (CCAM). However, CCAM systems are not yet present in all roads at all times. The use of currently available technologies that are embedded in smartphones, such as location services and Internet access, are enablers for the early detection of VRUs. This paper presents the proof-of-concept of a system that provides vehicles with enough information about the presence of VRUs by using public cellular networks, an MQTT broker, and IEEE 802.11p-enabled hardware (a roadside unit and an on-board unit). The system was tested in an urban environment and in a test track, where its feasibility was evaluated. Results were satisfactory, proving the system is reliable enough to alert of the sudden appearance of a VRU in time for the driver to react.

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“…In parallel with the design of the protocol, a simulation environment has been prepared in order to verify the macroscopic soundness of the chosen concept and its interoperability with existing systems. OPNET models have been designed and extensively simulated [12]. Fig.…”

Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Highly Scalable IEEE802.11p Subsystem Using Communication and Localization for Increased Vehicular Safety

Sikora

Schappacher²

2013

IJOEE

Self Cite

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The IEEE802.11p standard describes a protocol for car-to-X and mainly for car-to-car-communication. It has found its place in hardware and firmware implementations and is currently tested in various field tests. In the research project Ko-TAG, which is part of the research initiative Ko-FAS, cooperative sensor technology is developed and its benefit for traffic safety applications is evaluated. A secondary radar principle based on communication signals enables localization of objects with simultaneous data transmission. It mainly concentrates on the detection of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users (VRU), but also supports pre crash safety applications. The Ko-TAG proposal enriches the current IEEE802.11p real-time characteristics needed for precise time-of-flight real-time localization. This contribution describes the development of a subsystem, which extends the functionality of IEEE802.11p and fits into the regulatory schemes. It discusses the approach for definition and verification of the protocol design, while maintaining the close coexistence with existing IEEE802.11p subsystems. System simulations were performed and hardware was implemented. The next step will be field measurements to verify the simulation results. 

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Wireless Protocol Design for a Cooperative Pedestrian Protection System

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Sensor resource management with cooperative sensors for preventive vehicle safety applications

Sensor resource management with cooperative sensors for preventive vehicle safety applications

Protection of Vulnerable Road Users using Hybrid Vehicular Networks

A Highly Scalable IEEE802.11p Subsystem Using Communication and Localization for Increased Vehicular Safety

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