Wireless Power Transfer Antenna Alignment Using Intermodulation for Two-Tone Powered Implantable Medical Devices

Zhang, Hao; Gao, Si‐Ping; Ngo, Tung; Wu, Wen; Guo, Yong‐Xin

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2019.2901674

Cited by 54 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As presented in Figure 1, a four-layer human arm model (bone, muscle, fat, skin) is designed and used in this electromagnetic simulation. Comparing the previous works [13][14][15], the four-layer model that is used in this paper is more realistic without taking much more time to calculate.…”

Section: Implanted Antenna Scenario and Transmission Linkmentioning

confidence: 91%

Sensitivity Analysis of an Implanted Antenna within Surrounding Biological Environment

Ding

Pichon

2020

Energies

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The paper describes the sensitivity analysis of a wireless power transfer link involving an implanted antenna within the surrounding biological environment. The approach combines a 3D electromagnetic modeling and a surrogate model (based polynomial chaos expansion). The analysis takes into account geometrical parameters of the implanted antenna and physical properties of the biological tissue. It allows researchers to identify at low cost the main parameters affecting the efficiency of the transmission link.

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Section: Implanted Antenna Scenario and Transmission Linkmentioning

confidence: 91%

Sensitivity Analysis of an Implanted Antenna within Surrounding Biological Environment

Ding

Pichon

2020

Energies

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“…Firstly, the operating principle of the TX TMA is given, the generation and optimization processing of the two-tone waveform is illustrated. Then the generation of IM feedback signal is briefly provided as in our previous work [17]. At last, the target localization method based on TMA is discussed.…”

Section: Operating Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The alignment between the base station and the terminal has been achieved based on harmonics generated from the nonlinearity of the rectifier [14]- [17]. In this proposed system, the 3 rd -order harmonics IM operating at f IM1 = 2f 1 − f 2 and f IM2 = 2f 2 − f 1 are assigned as feedback signal thanks to the lower free space path loss (FSPL) compared with 2 nd -order harmonic feedback in [16].…”

Section: Generation Of Intermodulation Feedbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, to demodulate the high-order feedback harmonic, a local oscillator at 2f 0 or 3f 0 needs to be implemented. Fortunately, the corresponding method using in-band feedback signal was employed under twotone waveform excitation in [17]. The 3 rd -order intermodulation (IM) signal operating at 2f 2 − f 1 or 2f 1 − f 2 is generated when excited by two-tone waveform f 1 , f 2 thanks to the rectifier's nonlinearity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Target Localization Based on Intermodulation Feedback for Multisine Wireless Power Transmission Using a Time-Modulated Array

et al. 2020

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To achieve accurate power feeding to a terminal (e.g. rectenna) in the far-field wireless power transmission (WPT), a new method is proposed to locate the terminal so that the base station can adaptively adjust its beam steering and transmitting power to satisfy the high-efficiency power conversion conditions of the rectifier. In this work, the generated intermodulation (IM) signal at rectenna under multisine incidence is employed to establish the feedback link with the base station. A linear time-modulated array (TMA) is exploited to generate two-tone multisine wave by the optimized modulation sequence thanks to its multibeam radiation behavior at the base station side. In the terminal end, the IM signal is spontaneously produced due to the nonlinearity of power rectifying under two-tone incidence and employed as the feedback. To highly isolate the two tones and IM signal, a dual linear polarized (DLP) antenna is designed to ensure a compact system design for both sides. By this way, the feedback IM signal carrying the terminal's direction and distance information is sensed by orthogonally polarized antenna pairs. Then the direction of terminal is obtained by the proposed high-accuracy direction of arrival (DoA) estimation method using a multi-baseline TMA, which is realized by a two-stage single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switching network. Regarding the imperfection of RF switches, a compensation method is proposed. With estimated DoA, the distance between terminal and base station is evaluated based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) method. To verify the feedback mechanism, a prototype is fabricated and tested. INDEX TERMS Time-modulated array (TMA), intermodulation (IM) feedback, directional wireless power transmission.

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“…A Radio Frequency (RF) medical energy transmission system normally consists of two parts: an antenna for capturing energy and a circuit for converting alternating current (AC) power to direct current (DC) power. There are many scientific publications on the antenna design [2][3] and the efficiency of the microwave transmission link [2], [4][5][6][7]. Moreover, the rectenna system has been also studied by many research teams in the world: For example, in [8], an equivalent global circuit simulation of a rectenna was proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implantable Wireless Transmission Rectenna System for Biomedical Wireless Applications

2020

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We introduce a novel RF to DC wireless power transmission implantable rectenna system at Industrial, Scientific and Medical bands (ISM 902.8-928 MHz). An embedded circular antenna receives the externally emitted energy from a patch antenna and converts it to DC power by a rectifying circuit. The system is associated with a metallic reflector which is placed behind the human body enhancing the reception. The rectifying circuit efficiency and the total system's efficiency are determined for different external antenna to human body distances and various embedded depths with or without the reflector. Experimental results, obtained in a realistic environment, validate the predicted performance and provide an initial evaluation of the transmission link. Porcine tissue and bovine tissue are both used during the measurements and results are compared against simulations.

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Wireless Power Transfer Antenna Alignment Using Intermodulation for Two-Tone Powered Implantable Medical Devices

Cited by 54 publications

References 27 publications

Sensitivity Analysis of an Implanted Antenna within Surrounding Biological Environment

Sensitivity Analysis of an Implanted Antenna within Surrounding Biological Environment

Target Localization Based on Intermodulation Feedback for Multisine Wireless Power Transmission Using a Time-Modulated Array

Implantable Wireless Transmission Rectenna System for Biomedical Wireless Applications

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