Wireless Light-Weight IEC 61850 Based Loss of Mains Protection for Smart Grid

Abstract

This paper presents a novel Loss of Mains (LoM) protection method based on IEC 61850 Manufacturing Messages Specification (MMS) protocol over wireless Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) based access point name (APN) mechanism. LoM or anti islanding protection is a key requirement in modern power distribution grids where there is significant amount of distributed energy resources (DER). The future Smart Grids are based on extensive communication capabilities and thus the communication based LoM approaches will also become dominant. The IEC 61850 standard based systems are gaining ground in the substation communication, and therefore, it is natural to expand this technology deeper into the distribution network. Using this standard for LoM protection, also enables some advanced approaches utilizing large variety of information available in the Smart Grid. There is a specific part of the standard, IEC 61850-7-420, which defines logical nodes (LNs) suitable for this purpose; but, there are no available devices applying this part of the standard yet. In this research, a light-weight implementation of IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices) is developed using a low-cost open microcontroller platform, Beagle Bone, and an open source software. Using this platform, a wireless LoM solution based on IEC 61850 MMS protocol has been developed and demonstrated. This paper introduces object modelling according to IEC 61850-7-420 defined LNs and an implementation applying direct client server MMS based communication between lightweight IEDs. The performance of the wireless application using the developed platform is demonstrated by measuring the message latencies. In this paper, a novel LoM protection concept is proposed based on the standardized communication solution brought by IEC 61850 and specific LNs for DERs defined in IEC 61850-7-420. A light-weight implementation of an IEC 61850 based IED is developed in order to reduce large overhead information and complexity of the standard. In addition to LoM function, the developed solution has the ability to monitor DERs status. The available monitoring information can be shared among various distribution management systems (DMS), enabling distributed decision approach for various purposes.

An Adaptive Protection for Radial AC Microgrid Using IEC 61850 Communication Standard: Algorithm Proposal Using Offline Simulations

“…The selected one-way transfer time of 20 ms for producing results corresponded to the fast messages of type 1B (the ideal case) with performance class P2/P3 (transfer time class TT4) [33,35], and it covers the worst-case delay of 18 ms of type 1A fast messages according to the IEC 60834 mentioned above. The considered transfer time was also within the range of practical observed time delays in the light-weight implementation of the IEC 61850 standard-based GOOSE messages done in [40]. Although GOOSE messages apply the heartbeat messages and an IED will issue a so-called burst of GOOSE messages right after the detection of the fault, for the final trip decision, the IED necessarily needs to know the updated status at the downstream IED after the fault to ensure proper coordination.…”

Improving Reliability of Protection Communication in a 5G Slice

“…In [3,48] ABB RED670 IEDs are used as hardware to study GOOSE and SV communication over presumably wired connection. In [49,50], WiFi communication network is used to study line differential and overcurrent protection based on field measurements, while hardware prototype for loss-of-mains protection over Global System for Mobile (GSM) is studied in [51]. In [52] applicability of 5G for state estimation is studied with co-simulation and in [53] fault inspection over 5G and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is simulated.…”

Prioritizing protection communication in a 5G slice: Evaluating HTB traffic shaping and UL bitrate adaptation for enhanced reliability

“…In [19], a Wi-Fi communication network is used to study line differential and overcurrent protection based on field measurements. In contrast, a hardware prototype for loss-of-mains protection over Global System for Mobile (GSM) is studied in [20]. In [44], the applicability of 5G for state estimation is studied with co-simulation, and in [45], fault inspection over 5G and unpiloted aerial vehicle (UAV) is simulated.…”

“…Refs. [17,18] use hardware IEDs for GOOSE and sampled values (SV) communication but do not mention which communication technology is deployed, while [19][20][21] have implemented 5G networks but with software-based IEDs. Furthermore, in [19], the 5G network is a simulation and not a realistic commercial network; in [20], the network is a prototype of a 5G core implementation.…”